Voltaire (nov 21, 1694 – may 30, 1778)
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Voltaire was a French writer who really enjoyed talking and he criticized whatever he believed was not right. He wrote a book named "Candied" (1759), which talked about how he did not like optimism because hopes should be realistic and that you should "cultivate one's own garden" (his philosophy). Voltaire's greatest contribution was Freedom of Speech, where he thought that no matter how terrible an idea was, everyone is allowed to speak out their thoughts unless it promotes violence.
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