byzantine (jan 1, 330 – jan 1, 1453)

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The Byzantine Realm spread over 1,000 years, and during that time, it was home to probably the main craftsmanship and engineering ever. The mosaics that covered the ceilings and walls of Byzantine churches and other structures are one of art's most well-known images. Images of saints and angels were prominent in many of these mosaics. Another significant work of art during the Byzantine time frame was the creation of enlightened original copies, which were hand-painted books that frequently included strict texts. Byzantine illuminated manuscripts include the Vienna Dioscorides and the Rossano Gospels, two well-known examples. During this time, architecture was also an important art form, and the Byzantines are known for their elaborate palaces and churches with domes. The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul and the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus in Constantinople are two of the most well-known Byzantine structures. In general, the development of art and architecture throughout Western Europe and the world was significantly influenced by the Byzantine period.

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