Bhudda (jul 17, 563 BC – feb 11, 480 BC)

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Gautama Buddha or Siddhārtha Gautama or simply 'Buddha,' was an ascetic and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in the eastern part of ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.

Buddha refers to one who has achieved enlightenment and Buddhahood, and has fully comprehended the Four Noble Truths. The term most commonly refers to Siddhartha Gautama, the teacher and founder of Buddhism, who is simply known as "the Buddha". The term also refers to others who have achieved enlightenment and Buddhahood, such as the 27 Buddhas who preceded Gautama.

The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression:
- we crave and cling to impermanent states and things, which are dukkha, "incapable of satisfying" and painful.
This craving keeps us caught in samsara, the endless cycle of repeated rebirth and dying again, and the dukkha that comes with it.
There is, however, a way to end this cycle, namely by attaining nirvana, cessation of craving, whereafter rebirth and associated dukkha will no longer arise again.
This can be accomplished by following the eightfold path, restraining oneself, cultivating discipline, and practicing mindfulness and meditation.

1) dukkha: "incapable of satisfying" and painful
2) samudaya: "arising," "coming together"
3) nirodha: "cessation," "confinement"
4) marga: the path leading to cessation.

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