War of Greek Independence (jan 1, 1821 – jan 1, 1832)

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Greeks had been under Ottoman rule since the 1400s, but retained their culture. They were inspired by nationalist ideas of self-determination, which led to the formation of secret societies and revolt in 1821, led by Alexander Ypsilanti.

The Great Powers opposed the revolution because the Ottomans served as a bulwark against Russia, but the revolt found support in some educated Europeans and Americans, Russians, writers, and artists.

Britain, France, and Russia gave in to popular demand and trapped the Ottoman fleet at Navarino in 1827 after a rejected armistice. They declared Greece independent and installed a German prince as its king.

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