First Opium War (jan 1, 1839 – jan 1, 1842)

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British Victory
- Allowed British to sell opium in China
- Granted Britain special trading rights in China
- Led to Hong Kong -> a British colony.
- Other countries (France, US, Germany, Japan) signed similar treaties with China - forced the East Asian country to accept foreign products (because it was a powerful market)

Treaty of Nanjing, (August 29, 1842) treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. China paid the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a “fair and reasonable” tariff.

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