r. Ferdinand and Isabella (jan 1, 1474 – jan 1, 1516)

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The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon (r. 1479-1516) and Isabella of Castile (r. 1474-1504) began the unification of a broken Spain. They curbed aristocratic power by excluding high nobles from the royal council, secured the right to appoint bishops in Spain and in the Hispanic territories in America (a system which was similar to a national church), and were able to expand their territory, eventually conquering Granada and Navarre. They were able to complete the Reconquista, the reconquest of Spain via the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, by incorporating Granada and issuing the expulsion of Jews.

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