Imperial Kingdom of Italy (jan 2, 962 – jan 1, 1115)

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Florence, which was part of the March of Tuscany, became under the Imperial Kingdom of Italy as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 upon the invasion of Otto I of Germany. From this time, the German king would be crowned by the Archbishop of Milan with the Iron Crown in Pavia as a preclude to being crowned Emperor by the Pope in Rome. The population of Florence began to grow again and commerce prospered. In 854, Florence and Fiesole were united in one county. Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany, was so powerful that he threatened the Emperors in Italy. He was succeeded by his daughter Matilda, upon whole death the era of feudal princes passed, to be replaced by the dominance of city-states and republics.

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