Aššur-danin-pal King of Ninevah (jul 1, 827 BC – jan 1, 820 BC)

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JONAH VS KING OF NINEVEH: HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE by Gerard Gertoux

The last years of Shalmaneser III can be pieced together15 as follows: due to old age, Shalmaneser passed command of his armies to the General in chief Dayyan-Assur from 831. In his 32nd year of rule (in 827), Shalmaneser III's own son, Assur-danin-pal ("Aššur has strengthened the son") rebelled against his father. Shamshi-Adad V recalled: Where [my brother] Aššur-danin-apli, in the time of Šulmânu-ašarêdu, his father, acted wickedly, bringing about sedition, rebellion, and wicked plotting, caused the land to rise in revolt, prepared for war, brought the people of Assyria, north and south, to his side, and made bold speeches, brought the cities into the rebellion and set his face to begin strife and battle [...] 27 cities, along with their fortifications [...] revolted against Šulmânu- ašarêdu, king of the four regions of the world, my father, and [...] had gone to the side of Aššur-danin- apli16. Thus, the rebellious brother, according to Shamshi-Adad's own inscriptions, succeeded in bringing to his side 27 important cities, including Nineveh (the rebellion lasted until 820, preventing Assyria expanding its empire further until it was quelled). Because of his influence and power, Assur-danin-pal was a former crown prince (from 846). When Shalmaneser chose again his general Dayyan-Assur as eponym in 826, as he did in 854, that meant a new preparation for war to conquer the Levant. Therefore, this involved more sacrifices in men and resources for Assyrian provinces, which had lead to much discontent. Shalmaneser III therefore appointed Shamshi-Adad V as new crown prince to quell the revolt led by Assur-danin-pal. Consequently, when Jonah comes to Assyria, in 824, the situation was this: the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III who resided in the new capital Kalhu was dying, his son Shamshi-Adad V was commissioned, as new Crown prince, to quell the revolt headed by his brother Assur-danin-pal who headed 27 cities including the renowned Nineveh. Shamshi Adad V managed to quell the rebellion in 822 with the help of Babylonian king Marduk-zâkir-šumi I (855-819). Consequently the official master of Assyria from 824 to 822 was not Shamshi-Adad V but Assur-danin-pal as king of Nineveh, without having the title of king of Assyria.

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