Period 7: Civil War and Reconstruction (jan 1, 1860 – jan 1, 1877)

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Enduring Understanding: Radical Reconstruction responded to the failures of Presidential Reconstruction by passing laws and Constitutional amendments to protect African-Americans’ rights. Although this was initially successful and led to increased African-American political participation, Reconstruction eventually failed due to white supremacist violence, Southern resistance to Republican control, and Northern weariness with supervising the South.

In the 1870s, Reconstruction was a success that restored the U.S. as a unified nation. The former confederate states drafted their Constitutions, and the new amendments were implemented. For example, the fourteenth and fifteenth amendment which gave people the opportunity to be a citizen of the U.S., and prohibits denying anyone from a citizenship.

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