Kentucky and Virginia resolutions (jun 18, 1798 – jan 1, 1799)

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In 1799, Democratic-Republicans argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional, and, in Kentucky, a legislature secretly written by Thomas Jefferson and in Virginia, a legislature introduced by James Madison argued that the states had entered into a compact with the government, and if the government ever broke that compact, they could pass nullifying laws.
The significance of this was that it set the precedent and rationale for the nullification crisis in the 1830s

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