Lord Lytton 1876-1880 (apr 12, 1876 – jun 8, 1880)

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• The Vernacular Press Act (1878)
• The Arms Act (1878)
• The Second Afghan War (1878-80)
• Queen Victoria assumed the title of ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’ or Queen Empress of India



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1. Statutory Civil Service introduced in 1878-79 by Lytton.
• Under this 116th of the total vacancies to be nominated from high status Indian families.
• Members of this siervice had lower status & lower status & lower salary.
• This became subject to criticism.
• Aithchison Commission 1886 on Civil Services to recommended for its abolition.
• Finally it was abolished in 1887-88.
2. Aitchision Commission, 1886 under Lieutenant Governor (Aitchison) of Punjab by Lord Dufferin Recommendations-
• Statutory Service to be abolished.
• Examination to be held in Britian only
• Recommendations for strengthening of Provincial Services.
3. Islington Commission, 1912 by Lord Harding.
• It rejected demand for simulatenous exam in London & India.
4. Nationalist demand for Indiansation of Services.
• Pressure of British Govt. & simultaneous exam began in 1922.
5. Lee Commission in 1924 by Lord Rading.
b. Recommendations
(i) Establishment of Public Commission.
(ii) Increase in Salary.
(iii) Pensions for existing British I.C.S. Officers.
6. Public Service Commission established at Centre in 1926.
7. Act of 1935 provided for Federal Public Service Commission & Provincial Public Service Commmission.

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