First Balkan War (oct 8, 1912 – may 30, 1913)

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Following a decisive loss to Italy (which resulted in the loss of Libya and the Dodecanese Islands) the beleagured Ottoman Empire is set upon by the Balkan states, consisting of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro, who, despite being initially outnumbered, come to totally annihilate Ottoman forces in Europe. This war results in the loss of all of Ottoman Europe outside of Eastern Thrace, and is a significant factor in the instability that contributed to World War I. The peace treaty that followed also led to another Balkan War, due to Bulgarian disappointment with its territorial ambitions, which resulted in a complete Bulgarian loss and the reduction of its territory.

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