De Jure/De Facto Segregation (jan 1, 1880 – dec 31, 1964)

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De facto means a state of affairs that is true in fact, but that is not officially sanctioned. In contrast, de jure means a state of affairs that is in accordance with law (i.e. that is officially sanctioned). De jure segregation, or “Jim Crow,” lasted from the 1880s to 1964. Jim Crow laws were efficient in perpetuating the idea of “White superiority” and “Black inferiority.” During racial integration efforts in schools during the 1960's, “de facto segregation” was a term used to describe a situation in which legislation did not overtly segregate students by race, but nevertheless school segregation continued. They both were used to describe segregation in America, but just helped deterine whether it was overtly racist or not, no matter the reality of the situation.

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