Hittites (jan 1, 1600 BC – jan 1, 1180 BC)

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The Hittites occupied central Anatolia and established their capital at Hattusa. Hattusilis I reigned as king of their old kingdom in 1650–1620 BCE. He took control of the majority of Anatolia’s territory and northern Syria. Succeeding leaders pursued Babylon, Palestine, and Egypt. Under Suppiluliuma I (1380–1346 BCE), the empire reached its peak.

Hittite dominance could be attributed to their effective manipulation of iron. Because of its rarity, iron was used for religious objects, swords, or statues presented as royal gifts. However, people realized that iron tools and weapons were stronger and sharper than those made of bronze. They kept the knowledge of ironworking a secret for 200 years.

-Celada, A., & Dela Cruz, E.(2019)

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