Supreme Executive Power (Supremo Poder Ejecutivo) (apr 1, 1823 – oct 10, 1824)

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The Supreme Executive Power (Spanish: Supremo Poder Ejecutivo) was the Provisional Government of Mexico that governed between the fall of the First Mexican Empire in April, 1823 and the election of the first Mexican President, Guadalupe Victoria in October 1824. After Emperor Iturbide abdicated, the sovereignty of the nation passed over to congress which appointed a triumvirate, made up of Guadalupe Victoria, Pedro Celestino Negrete, and Nicolas Bravo, to serve as the executive, while a new constitution was being written.

During this period the government oversaw the transition of the nation from monarchy to a republic, abolishing all titles of nobility, changing the national symbols, and removing from power the remnants of the imperial government. Iturbide himself and his family were exiled to Europe, and when he attempted to return in July 1824, he was captured and executed.

A major challenge proved to be the multiple military revolts that flared up in the provinces, and in one case in the capital itself. The causes varied, ranging from agitation in favor of establishing a federation, anti-Spanish sentiment, and even efforts aiming at restoring the Empire.

Elections for a new congress were held in October 1824, and the new legislature proceeded in the task of writing a new constitution, debates over the matter mainly being concerned with whether the new republic should take the form of a federation, or a centralized republic. The former faction triumphed, and the result was the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, and the Supreme Executive Power was replaced by the First Mexican Republic.

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