First Mexican Republic (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) (nov 1, 1824 – oct 22, 1835)

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The First Mexican Republic, known also as the First Federal Republic (Spanish: Primera República Federal), was a federated republic, under the Constitution of 1824. It was a nation-state officially designated the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, About this soundlisten (help·info)). The First Mexican Republic lasted from 1824 to 1835, when conservatives under Antonio López de Santa Anna transformed it into a centralized state, the Centralist Republic of Mexico.

It was bordered on the north by the United States and Oregon Country (or Columbia District); on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Central America, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico.

The First Republic was plagued through its entire twelve year existence by severe financial and political instability. Administrations were regularly interrupted by military coup d'états. The first president of the Republic, Guadalupe Victoria was also the only president who completed his full term in this period and in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[8] As in the early U.S., the president and vice president were elected separately and the men did not have to be of the same party, contributing to governmental instability. Political controversy, ever since the drafting of the constitution tended to center around whether Mexico should be a federal or a centralist state, with wider liberal and conservative causes attaching themselves to each faction respectively.

General Antonio López de Santa Anna repealed the Constitution of 1824 on October 23, 1835, and the Federal Republic became a unitary state, the Centralist Republic. The unitary regime was formally established on December 30, 1836, with the enactment of the seven constitutional laws.

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