First Turkic Khaganate (Ïdï Oqsuz Kök Türük) (jan 1, 552 – jan 1, 603)

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The First Turkic Khaganate (Old Turkic romanized: Ïdï Oqsuz Kök Türük, lit. 'United Celestial Turks'; Chinese: 突厥汗國; pinyin: Tūjué hánguó, also referred to as the First Turkic Empire, the Turkic Khaganate or the Göktürk Khaganate) was a khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his brother Istämi. The First Turkic Khaganate succeeded Rouran Khaganate as the hegemonic power of the Mongolian Plateau and rapidly expanded their territories in Central Asia, and became the first Central Asian transcontinental empire from Manchuria to the Black Sea.

Initially the Khaganate used Sogdian in official and numismatic functions. Although the Göktürks spoke Old Turkic, the Khaganate's early official texts and coins were written in Sogdian. It was the first Turkic state to use the name Türk politically. Old Turkic script was invented at the first half of the 6th century.

It collapsed in 603, after a series of conflicts and civil wars which separated the polity into the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and Western Turkic Khaganate. The Tang Empire conquered the Eastern Turkic Khaganate in 630 and the Western Turkic Khaganate in 657 in a series of military campaigns. The Second Turkic Khaganate emerged in 682 and lasted until 744 when it was overthrown by the Uyghur Khaganate.

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