Protestant reformation (oct 31, 1555 – jan 1, 1725)

Description:

Roman catholic church dominates Europe. Provides education, donations, orphanages, last rights, and religious services. Church owns over 1/3rd of all land in Europe. Pope claims authority over all kings.

Indulgence=selling of the pardon of all sins
Martin Luther decides church is too private and monetized, and writes 93 theses against indulgences and nails them to the church (1517). Led to many debates, and Martin Luther became increasingly radical, denying the church and the pope had any spiritual power. priesthood=human invention and priests were not needed. "priesthood of all believers"

Luther's opinions spread quickly due to printing press

Translated bible into German, making it publicly available for first time. Opinions fragmented into many religions (Anglicans, Puritans, Calvinists, Methodists, Baptists), leads to
fighting and revolts.

In 1525, German peasants revolt and write the 12 articles, protesting serfdom. Refused to pay taxes, pillaged lands and raised an army.

Many kings break with pope for economic reasons

Both a religious and political movement, ultimately led to more religious tolerance and the new protestant church to rival the catholic church.

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