The Philippine Question (dec 10, 1898 – jul 4, 1902)

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The provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 that ended the Spanish-American War included recognition of Cuba’s independences, the U.S. acquisition of Guam and Puerto Rico, and a payment of $20 million to Spain in exchange for acquisition of the Philippines. That last part was easily the most controversial, as anti-imperialists were concerned because the U.S. had never had a colony as large and heavily populated (with people of an entirely different race) as the Philippines. And, having just fought a war for independence against Spain, the Filipinos themselves did not want their islands to be annexed into the United States; they wanted complete independence. After months of debating, the Treaty of Paris ended up just barely securing enough votes to be passed by Congress (February 6, 1899). Despite having just fought together against Spain, Filipino guerrilla fighters led by Emilio Aguinaldo turned against U.S. soldiers in an insurrection that lasted 3 years and resulted in thousands of deaths on both sides.

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