Imperialism (jan 1, 1898 – jan 1, 1904)

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As the Western frontier closed because of the massive settlement, the U.S. needed to expand commerce globally in order to export goods to overseas markets. In addition to the economic arguments, a racial justification was used to promote Imperialism by stating that non white nations are inferior and the U.S. had a right of conquest in order to uplift inferior nations. As a result, the U.S. acquired Guam, Hawaii, the Philippines and Puerto Rico, made Cuba a protectorate and built the Panama Canal. Therefore the U.S. fully adopted an Imperialist foreign policy for the first time in its history.

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