Franz Schubert (jan 1, 1797 – jan 1, 1828)

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Nationality: Austrian

Though a prolific composer in all genres, Schubert's was the first great master of the Romantic Lied. As a child, he studied piano, voice, violin, organ, counterpoint, and figured bass. By age 18 (1815), he had produced more than 140 songs. By 1821, Shubert’s music was widely performed in Vienna, and he was earning most of his income from publishers. He was thus a freelance composer, largely independent of the patronage system. Though he died at 31, he had an astonishing output of nearly 1000 works.

Lieder
Primarily intended for amateurs to sing at home, simplicity and strict adherence to the written notes—without ornamentation—was standard. Despite this strict note adherence, flexibility of tempo remained a common feature. In the Lieder, Schubert aimed to make the music the equal of the words, capturing the mood and character of a poem and making the music its equal in emotive and descriptive power.

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