American Civil War (jan 1, 1861 – jan 1, 1865)

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- American Civil War, also called War Between the States, four-year war (1861–65) between the United States and 11 Southern states that separated from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America.
- With war upon the land, President Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to serve for three months. He also directed the secretary of the treasury to advance $2 million to assist in the raising of troops. The Confederate government had previously authorized a call for 100,000 soldiers for at least six months’ service, and this figure was soon increased to 400,000.
- The triumph of the North, above and beyond its superior naval forces, numbers, and industrial and financial resources, was partly due to the statesmanship of Lincoln, who by 1864 had become a masterful political and war leader. The victory can also be attributed in part to failures of Confederate transportation and political leadership.

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