Queen Victoria served as monarch of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 until her death in 1901. She became Empress of India in 1877. After Queen Elizabeth II, Victoria is the second-longest reigning British monarch. At birth, Victoria was fifth in line to the throne, and became the queen at the get of 18 after King William IV died. She served until she died at the age of 81 on January 22, 1901. While she was queen, Great Britain experienced unprecedented expansion in industry, building railways, bridges, underground sewers and power distribution networks throughout much of the empire.