Revolt of al-Azraq (jan 1, 1247 – jan 1, 1258)

Description:

Revolt of al-Azraq (also named al-Yazrayi) against James from a mountainous area near Valencia. Not constant- rose in 1248 and 1258 (not sure how long each lasted).

Al-Azraq sought to play James and Alfonso against each other. Some success- relations strained.

Al-Azraq did become client of Alfonso- hard to tell when, but definitely had some relations from 1252.

James undertook bloody campaign (crusade) in 1257-8.

Robert Burns, Warrior Neighbors: Alfonso El Sabio and Crusader Valencia: An Archival Case Study in His International Relations’, 1990;
Robert Burns, The Crusade against Al-Azraq: A Thirteenth-Century Mudejar Revolt in International Perspective, 1988