Freedman's Bureau (mar 3, 1865 – oct 21, 1870)

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| WHO: | under direction of O.O Howard, vet of civil war | GOAL: | establish schools, provide aid to the poor and aged, settle disputes between whites and blacks and among the freedpeople, and secure for former slaves and white Unionists equal treatment before the courts | EFFECT: | v few people involved (1,000 at peak) and only managed to affect education (3,000 schools) and healthcare. no economic /social influence. | NOTE: Extended by moderate republican Senator Lyman Trumbull of Illinois in 1866; was only supposed to last a year

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