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Ottoman Empire (jan 1, 1281 – jan 23, 1924)

Description:

The longest-lived and largest Islamic dynasty since the Abbasids. Empire sees its troops as Ghazi, or holy warriors for the faith. Is led by Turkic leaders, who are Sufi, but Sunni -- has a Baba, or Sufi religious head, that works with the Sultan. Due to the fact that in its early days, the Ottomans ruled over mostly Christians and Jews in Anatolia, they respected people of the book -- making them pay the Jizya.

Army:
Had cavalry units
Divides captured territory into Timar. Timarlik is land granted to warriors for their service, though the soldiers living on it can be called into battle at any time.
A bey is a tribal chief of a division of land, with a Beylerbey being the chief of multiple beys

Religion:
Unlike the Safavids, the Ottomans don't claim religious divinity, and don't adopt heretical beliefs.

Social Class:
Divided into two tiers, the Askeri and Reaya
Askeri - Military, bureaucracy, and religious clergy. Paid no taxes.
Reaya - All Muslim & non-Muslim subjects. Paid taxes to support Askeri (both Jizya and land taxes)

Succession:
Contenders for the Ottoman throne used to get government training to rule, but eventually were groomed by their mothers to become the next ruler, leading to worse and worse rulers. Many wives and mothers complicates the rule and succession, where the sons who lose die.

Added to timeline:

10 Dec 2017
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444
HIS 306K Unit 4

Date:

jan 1, 1281
jan 23, 1924
~ 643 years
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