Events
The Ralbag wrote his commentary on the BibleThe Black Death massacres swept across EuropeThe Ran, Rivash, and other scholars in Spain were imprisonedJews of Spain were massacred — many were forced to convertThe Rivash and Rashbatz left SpainThe Final expulsion of Jews from FranceR. Yosef Albo was in a forced debate with ChristiansJews in Austria were massacred in the Wiener GezeraThe invention of printing was used for Jewish booksThe Inquisition was established in SpainR. Ovadiah De Bertinoro settled in JerusalemColumbus consulted R. Avraham Zacuto for his travelsAll Jews were expelled from Spain and SicilyR.Yitzchak Abarbanel arrived in Naples, from SpainAll Jews were expelled from PortugalThe Ein Yaakov was printedThe Turks (Ottoman Empire) conquered Eretz YisraelR.Yosef Yoselman saved many Jews during the Peasants' WarA mass burning of Jewish books took place in RomeThe Shulchan Aruch was completed by R.Yosef KaroThe Shulchan Aruch was published with supplements of RamaThe Arizal died in TzfatThe Maharal came to PragueThe Maharshal diedR.Yosef Karo died in TzefatThe Maharal returned to Prague againThe Maharsha became rabbi in LublinThe Tosaphot Yom Tov commentary was concludedThe Shaloh arrived in the Land of IsraelR.Yom Tov Lipman Heller was imprisoned in PragueR.Yoel Sirkes, the Bach, diedThe Shach and Taz (on Shulchan Aruch) were printedJews were massacred by Chmielnicki’s forcesThe first Jews settled in New Amsterdam (New York)Many Jews killed in Russian and Swedish invasions of PolandJews were permitted to live in EnglandBaruch Spinoza was excommunicatedThe Magen Avraham (on Shulchan Aruch) was completedShabtai Tzvi died as a MuslimThe Beit Shmuel (on the Shulchan Aruch) was printedSarah (daughter of Haran) was bornThe Baal Shem Tov was bornAbraham married SarahThe Pnei Yehoshua's family was killed in an explosionDispersion from Babel after building the towerThe Siftei Chachamim was arrestedTerah left Ur Kasdim with his familyR.Yaakov Culi (Me'am Lo'ez) arrived in ConstantinopleNoah diedThe Mishneh LeMelech diedThe covenant (Brit Bein Habetarim) with AbrahamJews were massacred by the Haidamack bandsAbraham settled in CanaanThe Or HaChayim arrived in the Land of IsraelIshmael (son of Abraham) was bornR. Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (Ramchal) died in Acco (Acre)Abraham circumcised himself and IshmaelR. Jonathan Eybeschutz became Rabbi in HamburgSodom and Gomorrah were destroyedR. Yechezkel Landau, known as the "Noda BiYehuda", became Rabbi in PragueIsaac (son of Abraham) was bornThe Frankists instigated mass burnings of the TalmudThe Akeda, where Isaac was brought on the altar by AbrahamFrankists supported blood libel charges in public 'debate'Sarah diedThe Baal Shem Tov diedJacob and Esau were bornThe Council of Four Lands, known as the "Vaad Arba Aratzot", was discontinuedShem (son of Noah) diedDespite resistance, the Haidamacks massacre thousandsIsaac blessed Jacob instead of EsauThe Maggid of Mezeritsch diedJacob went to HaranR. N. Adler and Chatam Sofer visited the Noda BiYehudaEber (great-grandson of Shem) diedR. Elimelech of Lizensk diedJacob married Leah and RachelThe Pale of Settlement was established in RussiaLevi (son of Jacob and Leah) was bornJews suffered in reign of terror of French RevolutionJoseph, son of Jacob and Rachel, was bornThe Vilna Gaon diedJacob left HaranThe Ba'al HaTanya was released from first imprisonmentBenjamin was bornNapoleon led an army expedition through the Land of IsraelJoseph was soldThe Chida (R. Chaim Yosef David Azulai) diedIsaac diedThe Chatam Sofer became rabbi in PressburgJoseph became viceroy of EgyptR. Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev diedKehot (son of Levi) was bornR. Nachman of Breslov diedJacob (and his family) went to EgyptR. Akiva Eger became rabbi in PosenJacob diedKozhnitzer Maggid and Yehudi of Peshischa, both diedAfter Levi died, the enslavement in Egypt beganChozeh of Lublin and R. Mendel of Rymanov both diedMoses was bornAnti Jewish riots spread throughout GermanyJoshua was bornRussia began conscripting Jewish children to the armyMoses encountered the burning bushR.Yisrael of Ruzhin was released from imprisonmentThe Jewish nation left EgyptThe Tzemach Tzedek of Lubavitch was repeatedly arrested in RussiaThe Jewish nation crossed the Red SeaSir Moshe Montefiore visited Russia to help local JewsThe revelation at Mount Sinai and the giving of the TorahR. Yisrael Salanter left VilnaMoses broke the TabletsR. Shimshon Raphael Hirsch became rabbi in Frankfort am MainMoshe came down Mount Sinai with the second TabletsR. Menachem Mendel of Kotzk diedThe Tabernacle was erectedThe Malbim was imprisoned, and then expelled from RumaniaThe spies returned from Canaan with bad newsChidushei HaRim, Tiferet Shlomo, and Tzemach Tzedek, diedAharon and Miriam diedThe Chafetz Chaim was publishedThe Jews crossed the Jordan into CanaanThe Minchat Chinuch diedThe appointment of the Land of Israel was completedPetah Tikvah agricultural settlement was establishedJoshua diedMany Jews began leaving Russia after a wave of pogromsThe rule of Judges began with Othniel ben KenazR. Shlomo Ganzfried (author of Kitzur Shulchan Aruch) diedEhud ben Gerah became leaderR. Chaim (Brisker) became Rabbi in BriskShamgar ben Anath diedThe Sfat Emet diedDeborah became leaderMany Jews were killed in (official) Russian pogromsGideon became leaderChazon Ish was publishedAbimelech, son of Gideon, became leaderOver 500,000 Jewish soldiers fought in World War ITola, son of Pua, became leaderOver 60,000 Jews were killed during the Russian RevolutionJair, the Gileadite, became leaderThe Daf HaYomi study cycle commencedJephtah (HaGil'adi) became leaderThe Sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe was released from Soviet prisonElon (HaZevuloni) became leaderJews were attacked in the Kristallnacht pogroms in GermanyAbdon ben Hillel became leaderGermany started World War II, and mass killing of JewsSamson became leaderNazi Germany unexpectedly invaded RussiaEli the Kohen became leader200,000 Jews were killed at Babi Yar and PonaryDavid was born400,000 Jews of Warsaw were sent to death campsSamuel became leaderNazi Germany experienced massive losses in the battle of StalingradSaul was appointed kingThe remaining Jews in Warsaw staged a massive uprisingDavid became king of Judah in HebronJewish uprisings at Treblinka, Sobibor, and BialystockDavid became king of Israel in JerusalemThe Danish people quietly rescued 93% of their Jews to safetySolomon became king300,000 Hungarian Jews were killed in 3 monthsThe building of the first Beit Hamikdash commencedUprising in Auschwitz death camp just before freedomNazi Germany was conquered, and World War II endedSolomon died and his kingdom was divided6,000,000 Jews were killed by the Nazis during the warRehabeam (son of Solomon) became king of JudahPublication of the Talmud Encyclopedia was commencedJeroboam ben Nevat became king over IsraelThe United Nations divided IsraelElijah went up in a chariot of fireArabs attacked Israel to gain territoryJoash renovated the Beit HamikdashThe State of Israel was establishedIsaiah began his propheciesIsrael was invaded by many Arab countriesThe first two of the Ten Tribes were exiledThe “War of Independence” in Israel endedAnother two of the Ten Tribes were exiledAll Jews left the ancient Jewish community of IraqHezekiah became king of JudahAlmost all Jews of Yemen emigrated to IsraelThe last of the Ten Tribes were exiledThe Lubavitcher Rebbe accepts the mantle of leadershipSennacherib invaded the Land of Judah and retreatedJewish forces invaded Egypt and conquered the Sinai DesertMenasseh (son of Hezekiah) became king of JudahThe Lubavitcher Rebbe established the Tefillin CampaignJeremiah began his propheciesJerusalem re-united under Jewish rule in the Six Day WarJosiah renovated the Beit Hamikdash2,500 Jewish soldiers were killed in the Yom Kippur WarJerusalem was conquered and Joiakim (Yehoyakim) was exiledThe Lubavitcher Rebbe established the Shabbat Candle CampaignJoiakim burned the Book of Lamentations composed by JeremiahMassive enemy arsenals were discovered in LebanonJerusalem was conquered again and Jehoiachin was exiledThe first international conference of Chabad Lubavitch emissariesJeremiah persisted in prophesying calamityA secret agreement signed in OsloEzekiel prophesied in exileThe Lubavitcher Rebbe passed awayThe final Babylonian siege of JerusalemDeadly terrorist attack at the Chabad House in Mumbai, India, kills sixThe walls of Jerusalem were penetratedIsrael signed “Abraham Accords,” normalizing relations with UAE and Bahrain, soon followed by Sudan and Morocco.The sacrifices ceased in the Beit HamikdashGedalyah ben Achikam was killedDaniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar dreamEzekiel prophesied about the future Beit HamikdashDaniel read the writing on the wallDaniel was thrown into the lion's denZerubabel led the return to the Land of IsraelBuilding of Second Beit Hamikdash commenced, then haltedAchashverosh II made his great banquetEsther was taken to the palaceEsther took action against Haman's decreeMordechai proclaimed the celebration of PurimBuilding of the second Beit Hamikdash resumedThe second Beit Hamikdash was completedEzra led the second return to the Land of IsraelNehemiah returned to rebuild walls of JerusalemEzra diedSimon the Tzaddik met Alexander the GreatThe Minyan Shtarot beganSimon the Tzaddik died72 Elders translated the Torah into Greek (Septuagint)The revolt of Mattityahu the Chashmona'iJudah the Maccabee ruledHannukah was declared a festivalJudah the Maccabee was killed in battleYonatan (son of Mattityahu) ruledShimon (son of Mattityahu) ruledYohanan Hyrkanos (son of Shimon) ruledJudah Aristoblus (son of Yochanan Hyrkanos) ruledAlexander Yannai (son of Yochanan Hyrkanos) ruledQueen Shalomtzion (Salome Alexandra, wife of Alexander Yannai) ruledAristoblus II (son of Alexander Yannai) ruled/td>The Romans gained control of JudeaHyrkanos II (son of Alexander Yannai) ruledAntigonus (son of Aristoblus II) ruledHerod I ruled, killing all the Chashmona'imHillel became the leader of the Torah scholarsHerod I began rebuilding the second Beit HamikdashRenovation of the second Beit Hamikdash was completedArchelaus (son of Herod I) ruledHillel diedArchelaus was deposed by the Roman EmperorAgrippa I (grandson of Herod I) ruledThe Sanhedrin moved from the second Beit HamikdashAgrippa II (son of Agrippa I) ruledRabban Gamliel I (son of Shimon) grandson of Hillel, diedVespasian arrived in Judea to reassert Roman authorityR. Yohanan ben Zakkai diedThe Sanhedrin moved from place to place, under R. Gamliel IIBetar fell, and the Bar Kochba revolt ended in tragedyJudaism was banned, and R. Akiva was imprisonedR. Judah Hanassi completed the Mishnah around this timeRav left the Land of Israel and settled in BablyoniaShmuel was the Talmudic authority in BablyoniaR. Yohanan was the leading Talmudic authorityR. Huna was the leading Talmudic authorityR. Yehudah was the leading Talmudic authorityR. Chisda was the leading Talmudic authorityRabbah was the leading Talmudic authorityR. Yosef was the leading Talmudic authorityAbayey was the leading Talmudic authorityRava was the leading Talmudic authorityHillel II (who established the calendar) became NassiR. Ashi was the leading Talmudic authorityR. Ashi died after the compilation of the GemaraThe Talmud was complete when Ravina II diedMar Zutra proclaimed Jewish self-rule in BabyloniaThe talmudic academy of Pumpedita was reconstitutedThe talmudic academy of Sura was reconstitutedThe Persians conquered the Land of IsraelThe Jews were allowed to return to JerusalemThe Byzantine Empire reconquered the Land of IsraelR. Yitzchak was the last gaon of Neharde'a (Firuz-Shabur)The Arabs conquered the Land of IsraelOne of the "Takkkanot Hage'onim" was enacted at this timeR. Achai Gaon left Iraq for the Land of IsraelR. Yehuda became gaon of SuraThe Halachot Gedolot (BaHag) was written at this timeAnother of the "Takkanot Hage'onim" was enacted at this timeR. Amram (who wrote the Siddur) became gaon of SuraRabbeinu Saadya was appointed gaon of Sura"Four Captives" were ransomed at around this timeR. Sherira became gaon of PumpeditaR. Hai became (the last) gaon of PumpeditaR. Hai died, and the academies of Babylon declinedRabbeinu Gersom Me’or Hagola diedThe Rif arrived in Spain from MoroccoThe Crusaders destroyed Jewish communitiesJerusalem was captured by the CrusadersThe Rif diedRashi died, and the era of the Tosaphot beganThe Rambam (Maimonides) was bornThe first (recorded) blood libel took placeThe Crusaders attacked Jewish communitiesRabbeinu Tam was captured by the CrusadersThe Rambam's and the Radak's families left CordovaThe Rambam visited the Land of IsraelRabbeinu Tam diedThe Rashbam diedThe young son of the Ri was killedJews were allowed to return to JerusalemR. Yaakov D'Orleans was killed in LondonJews were massacred in England in the third CrusadeRabbi David Kimchi, known as the "Radak", wrote his commentaryThe Ramban (Nachmanides) was bornThe Ra'avad diedThe Rambam diedRampaging mobs massacred Jews in FranceA massive burning of the Talmud took place in ParisJerusalem was sacked by Egyptians and TurksThe Inquisition began to use tortureThe Ramban left Spain and settled in the Land of IsraelThe Ramban diedThe Maharam MeRothenburg was imprisonedNew works advanced the study of KabbalahThe era of the Tosaphot concluded at around this timeAll Jews were expelled from EnglandThe Maharam MeRothenburg died in prisonThe Rindfleisch massacres beganThe author of the 'Mordechai' and Hagahot Maimoniyot were killedThe Rashba placed a limited ban on philosophyThe Rosh and his son, the Tur, arrived in SpainAll Jews were expelled from FranceThe Rashba diedJews were massacred by the Pastoureaux CrusadersThe Rosh diedJews of Germany were massacred by the Armleder bandsPeriods
Abraham2nd Beit Hamikdash1st Beit Hamikdash
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