Events
第一次鸦片战争Periods
夏商西周Daoism: Valued spontaneity, opposed rigid
education, and emphasized self-awareness and
intuitive learning.
Confucianism: Promoted private education,
moral cultivation, and "education for all,"
shaping traditional learning.
Mohism: Advocated educational equality,
practical skills, logic, and merit-based learning.
Legalism: Enforced law-based governance,
strict rewards, and punishments, rejecting
Confucian and Mohist ideas.Qin Dynasty
To consolidate power after unifying the Six
States, the Qin suppressed education, including
the Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars,
banning historical records and Confucian
teachings.
The Qin enforced "officials as teachers, law as
education" (Yi Li Wei Shi, Yi Fa Wei Jiao), where
commoners and officials learned from judges.
Designed by Li Si and approved by the
Emperor Qin , it strengthened legal awareness.Han dynasty
The Han promoted Confucianism while
tolerating other schools. The Imperial Academy
(Taixue) taught Confucianism, while Hongdu
Gate School (Hongdu Menxue), the first art
school, included other fields.
The Chaju System (Inspection and
Recommendation) passively chose officials,
later replaced by the Imperial Examination
(Keju).
Dong Zhongshu promoted Confucianism, while
Wang Chong promoted critical thought.Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
A turbulent era without formal government-
run educational institutions. Yan Zhitui, author
of the Yanshi Jiaxun (Family Instructions of the
Yan Clan), emphasized integrating parental
affection with child education, highlighting the
importance of parents serving as role models
for their children.Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty saw peak educational
development. The Six Schools formed the core
of central schools, with three focusing on
Confucian classics and three as specialized
institutions.
The Imperial Examination System allowed
scholars from lower classes to enter
government, broadening the ruling base.
The Guozijian was the highest educational and
administrative institution.
Scholar Han Yu, in "Shi Shuo", criticized the
shame of learning from teachers.The Song Dynasty
The Song refined Tang education with reforms.
Three expansions strengthened state education
and broadened learning access. Private
academies (Shuyuan) spread Neo-
Confucianism and became research hubs. Zhu
Xi systematized it, stressing “Gewu Zhizhi”
(Investigating Things to Attain Knowledge) and
structured learning. His method promoted
gradual learning, deep reading, and reflection,
shaping Ming and Qing education.元清朝明洋务运动清末新政民国时期新中国成立Primitive Society
A society that began with the existence of
humans, closely tied to daily life. Education
took place within families, where parents
taught their children. The content focused on
survival skills, such as hunting techniques,
which were passed down orally from
generation to generation.Slave Society
Educational practices were mainly reflected in
the official education system, such as
government-run schools like the Jixia
Academy. Private education was rare, but some
private schools emerged toward the end of
the slave society, such as those established by
Confucius.封建社会半殖民地半封建社會古代史近代史
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