Events
Gregor Mendel discovers the basic principles of geneticsFriedrich Miescher discovers DNA in his preparations of white blood cells extracted from the pus in surgical bandages. He calls it ‘nuclein’.Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of SpeciesSir Archibald Edward Garrod is the first to associate Mendel's theories with a human diseaseWilliam Henry Bragg and son William Lawrence Bragg lay the foundations for the field of X-ray crystallographyPhoebus Levene discovers nucleotidesFlorence Bell arrives in William Astbury’s lab and takes the first X-ray images of DNA.Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty demonstrate that DNA is the material controlling inheritance.Erwin Chargaff discovers that DNA composition is species specificRosalind Franklin takes ‘Photo 51’, a highly detailed image of the ‘B’ or hydrated form of DNA.James Watson and Francis Crick propose a model for the structure of the DNA molecule.George Gamow and the “RNA Tie Club”An additional copy of chromosome 21 linked to Down's syndrome (Jerome Lejeune)Marshall Nirenberg is the first person to sequence the bases in each codonDNA from two different organisms is spliced together for the first time by (Paul Berg)Frederick Sanger develops rapid DNA sequencing techniquesHuntington's disease is the first mapped genetic disease (Dr. James Gusella)The first gene found to be associated with increased susceptibility to familial breast and ovarian cancer is identified (Mary-Claire King)
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