modern china
Category: History
Updated: 10 months ago
max castaneda, joaquin taboada, claudio calderon
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Created byJoaquin Taboada
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Periods
1911: Xinhai Revolution*
- *October 10, 1911*: The Xinhai Revolution begins, leading to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the end of over two thousand years of imperial rule.- *January 1, 1912*: Sun Yat-sen is proclaimed the provisional president of the Republic of China, marking the official establishment of the Republic.1912-1949*: The Republic of China is established, but it faces internal turmoil and political fragmentation. The era is characterized by the rise of competing political factions, particularly the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).*1919*: The May Fourth Movement begins as a national protest against the Treaty of Versailles, which gives Japanese control over Chinese territories. This movement fosters a rise in nationalism and Marxist ideologies among Chinese intellectuals.1921: Founding of the CCP*
- *July 23, 1921*: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is founded in Shanghai. The party aims to establish a communist state in China.1927-1949: Chinese Civil War*
- *1927-1949*: The Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT), led by Chiang Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led by Mao Zedong, dominates this period. The conflict is intermittent with periods of uneasy alliance during the Second Sino-Japanese War.*1931*: Japan invades Manchuria, establishing the puppet state of Manchukuo.- *1937*: The Second Sino-Japanese War begins with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, leading to widespread Japanese occupation of Chinese territory. This period witnesses significant atrocities such as the Nanjing Massacre.1945: End of World War II*
- *August 15, 1945*: Japan surrenders, leading to the end of World War II. The Allied powers, including China, reclaim occupied territories.1949: Establishment of the People's Republic of China*
- *October 1, 1949*: The CCP, led by Mao Zedong, declares the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing, marking the end of the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT retreat to Taiwan.1958-1962: The Great Leap Forward*
- *1958-1962*: Mao Zedong initiates the Great Leap Forward, an ambitious plan to rapidly industrialize China and increase agricultural production through collectivization. The campaign results in widespread famine, leading to the deaths of millions.*May 1966*: Mao Zedong launches the Cultural Revolution, aiming to reinforce communist ideology by removing capitalist, traditional, and cultural elements from Chinese society. The movement leads to widespread social, political, and economic chaos, persecution of intellectuals, and destruction of cultural heritage.*1976*: The Cultural Revolution officially ends with Mao Zedong's death on September 9, 1976, and the subsequent arrest of the "Gang of Four," who were held responsible for many of the excesses during the revolution.*1978*: Deng Xiaoping, who emerges as the paramount leader, initiates economic reforms and opens China to foreign investment, transitioning the country towards a market economy while maintaining a single-party state.
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