Events
1492
Christopher Columbus' ArrivalContact Period
+
Columbian ExchangeIntroduced to Old World:
- corn, potatoes
- diseases
- tobaccoIntroduced to New World:
- horse, cows
- (much of ecology disrupted)
- the gun
- the plow
- diseases (ex. smallpox)1607
JamestownJoint-stock companiesEncomienda System
- Conquistadors
protection + conversion to Christianity = labor from natives
sugar harvesting + silver miningCaste System:
Europeans
Mestizos (European + Native)
Zambos (Native + African)
African1588
English defeat of Spanish ArmadaRhode Island
Roger Williams
Antinomian Controversy: Anne Hutchinson1681
Pennsylvania
William Penn - Quakers (Society of Friends)
-later separated to Delaware + Pennsylvania1729
Carolina split into north/south
- plantationsGeorgia
James Oglethorpe1650 to mid-1700s
Salutary NeglectNew England Town MeetingsChesapeake Coloniesmid-1580s - 1590
Roanoke Island (1st major English settlement)
"Lost Colony"Virginia: most were originally from Jamestown, died of starvation or disease
Maryland: founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimoreindentured servitude
rural, dependent on agriculture (tobacco)1619
House of Burgesses
Virginia Company1676
Bacon's RebellionLed by Nathaniel Bacon1634
Maryland (Catholic)1649
Maryland Toleration Act
- freedom of worship to all Christians1620
Mayflower CompactPlymouth
Mayflower
- Puritans + Separatists1629
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Congregationalists (non-Separatists)1754-1763
Seven Years' War1692 + 1693
Salem Witch TrialsKing Philip's War
Metacom's War (Wampanoag chief Metacom)
- raids from Native AmericansThe Pueblo Revolt
(Spanish)1730s + 1740s
First Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards
George WhitefieldEnlightenment
- Francis Bacon
- Thomas Hobbes
- Rene Descartes
- John Locke
- Issac NewtonMercantilism1651 - 1673
Navigation ActsMiddle Passage
(Triangular Trade)Indentured servitude vs SlaveryFrench and Indian WarAlbany Plan of Union
- Ben Franklin
- representatives from 7 colonies, wanted to include Iroquois1763
Proclamation of 1763
(Appalachian Mt)
Treaty of Paris
- French-Indian War endPontiac's RebellionDeclatory Act
- "virtual representation"Founding Fathers:
- John Adams
- Benjamin Franklin
- Alexander Hamilton
- Thomas Jefferson
- George WashingtonSocial Contract
(Hobbes + Locke)1765 + 1774
Quartering Acts
(Intolerable Acts)1767
Townshend Acts1770
Boston Massacre1764
Sugar Act1765
Stamp ActSons of LibertyStamp Act repealed
(and later Townshend Act except on tea)1773
Tea Act
Boston Tea Party1768
Massachusetts Circular Letter
Samuel Adams
- advocating resistance to new taxes
- protests + boycottsCommittees of Correspondence
Mercy Otis Warren
John Dickenson: Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania1774
First Continental Congress
- Continental AssociationLoyalists
vs
Patriots1775
"The Shot Heard 'Round the World"
- redcoats
Battles of Lexington and Concord
- minutement killed1775
Second Continental Congress
- Continental Army (George Washington)1775
Olive Branch Petition
- hope for peace1776
Thomas Paine: Common Sense1776
Declaration of Independence1777
Battle of Saratoga
- gained support (such as French)1781
Battle of Yorktown
- British General Cornwallis surrenders1783
Treaty of Paris
- independenceOutlawed primogeniture (inheritance laws)Republicanism
(representative gov)
- natural rights
- Consent of the Governed
- Common Sense
Declaration of IndependencePennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law"Remember the Ladies"
Abigail AddamsRepublican
Motherhood1781
Articles of Confederation
- weak central gov1787
Constitutional Convention
- new constitution, in philadelphiaThe Great Compromise
New Jersey Plan vs Virginia Plan
- two legislative houses (senate + house)The Three-Fifths Compromise
South (pro-slave) vs North
- slaves 3/5 of a personSeparation of powers:
checks and balancesAnti-Federalists vs FederalistsFederalist Papers
Alexander Hemilton, James Madison, + John Jay1788
Constitution ratified
inclusion of a Bill of Rights
(1st 10 amendments)1786-1787
Shay's Rebellion1791-1794
Whiskey Rebellion1789
George Washington inaugurated1794
Battle of Fallen Timbers1796
Washington establishes executive privilege
- refuses to turn over documents abt Jay's Treaty1796/97
Federalist John Adams wins,
w/ Rep-Dem Thomas Jefferson as vp1798
Alien and Sedition Acts
Opposition:
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
(declared it as void, more power to states)XYZ AffairCreation of Department of US NavyFirst National Bank
- loose construction (Hamilton)
- implied powerIroquois
- split into many tribes
(some supporting colonies, other with GB)
Expansion led to clashes:
Indian Tribes, led by Little Turtle vs
Scots-Irish, Paxton Boys1787
Northwest Ordinance
- abolished slaverySpanish mission system
- vaqueros
- Huan de OnateTreaties with the Indians
1778 - Treaty with the Delaware
1784 - Treaty with the Six Nations
1786 - Treaty with the Shawnee
1781 - treaty with the Cherokee
1795 - Treaty of Greenville
(many reneged)1794
Jay's Treaty
- avoided war w/ British, but criticized for too many concessions to British1795
Pinckney's Treaty
- discussing use of Mississippi River w/ SpainFederalist vs Democratic-Rep
- support w/ GB vs w/ France1800
Jefferson beats Adams
"Bloodless Revolution"12th Amendment --> electors can vote a party ticket + pres can choose running mate1801 - 1835
The Marshall Court
Chief Justice John Marshall
- judicial review1803
Marbury v Madison
- Adams' "midnight judges"1819
McCulloh v Maryland (Marshall Court)
- increased fed gov power vs states
- National Bank right
- precluded states from taxing US gov institutions
"Necessary and Proper" clause of ConstitutionThe War of 1812
- US declares war w/ GB
- natives support BritishEmbargo Act of 1807
- neutrality, tried to punish France + England
- actually worse for US economyNon-Intercourse Act of 1809
- resumed traded w/o France + England
- worsened economy, war tensions1808
James Madison takes over
- Napoleon renounces interference
- trade w/ GB cut offFederalists
vs
War Hawks1814
British capture DC and set fire to White House1814
Treaty of Ghent
- Napoleon defeated, war ends1814 - 1815
Hartford Convention
- Federalists advocated for revision of Constitution or recession
- viewed as traitors1815
Andrew Jackson wins Battle of New Orleans
(even tho treaty signed already)Henry Clay's American System
- protective tariffs
- infrastructure/interstate roads
- rechartering of National BankCult of DomesticityRegionalism:
North, South, WestTerritorialism:
- Monroe Doctrine
- Louisiana Purchase (Jefferson in 1803) --> Lewis & Clark
- Indian Removal Act"Trail of Tears"James K. Polk becomes president
- negotiated American-Canadian border w/ GB
- Mexican-American WarAbolitionists
- Frederick Douglass: The North Star,
"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave"
- Nat Turner: 1831 Virginia slave rebellion
- David Walker: Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World1831
Nat Turner RebellionJohn C. Calhoun
- argued states rights and slavery was beneficial for all1819
End of good feelingsThe Panic of 1819
- economic depression1816
James Monroe becomes pres
"Era of Good Feelings"1820
Missouri Compromise
- Henry Clay: "The Great Pacificator/Compromiser"
- Missouri slave, Maine free
- no slavery in Louisiana Territory north of 36 30 parallel1823
Monroe Doctrine
- mutual noninterference
- US dominance over AmericasElection of 1824
- end of the caucus system
w/ congressional caucusses
"corrupt bargain"
- John Quincy Adams wins, appoints Henry Clay as Secretary
(worked together to beat Jackson)1828
Andrew Jackson wins presidency
"common man""Tariff of 1828"
"Tariff of Abominations"
- bad for South's trade links w/ England
Jackson favored states right, but against nullificationJackson vetos the Second Bank of the United States
- claimed to be unconstitutional
- "pet banks"Tarrif of 1832
- failed to lower rates of 1828
- S. Carolina nullified tarrifMarket Revolution
- susbsistence --> market economy
- power loom
- National Road
- steamship, Erie Canal
- telegraph
- Eli Whitney's cotton gin
- interchangeable partsForce Bill
- troops would enforce these tariffs
- S. Carolina still nullified
- state autonomy vs federal dominance1833
American Anti-Slavery Society was founded
- so radical + dangerous, had women of high authority
- members such as Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony1790 - 1840
2nd Great Awakening
- sparks reforms; penitentiary
- Dorothea DixAbolitionist Movement
- The Moderates & The ImmediatistsTemperance Movement
- American Temperance Societyopposition from Henry Clay's Whig Party
- resembled defunct Federalist partyRomanticism
Transcendentalists:
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel HawthorneSojourner Truth
"Ain't I a woman?"1840
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (and a group of women)
- barred from abolitionist conference b/c genderOther Refroms:
criminals, mentally ill, education, orphans and poor1848
The Seneca Falls Convention
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- first women's rights convention
- "Declaration of the Rights and Sentiments of Women"1850
First national women's rights convention in Worchester, MAGold found in California1848 - 1855
Gold Rush
- Forty-Ninersalso silver + copper mining, ranching1862
Homestead Act
- 160 acres of land, 5 yrs of cultivationManivest Destiny
- John O'Sullivan
duty to "spread civilization"1836
Battle for the Alamo
- "Remember the Alamo!"
- Texans won independence1846 - 1848
Mexican-American WarPres. Polk orders troops led by Zachary Taylor1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Mexican Cession:
$15 mil for New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah1847
Abraham Lincoln "Spot Resolutions"1863 -1869
Transcontinental RailroadRailroad Boom
Transcontinental RailroadMore contact w/ Asia b/c of clipper ship
Commodore Matthew Perry
- helped to end Japan's isolationism
Missionaries (primarily Protestant) traveled to many places in Asia
- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
- HawaiiMormons:
Joseph Smith + Brigham Young
- Utah, polygamyImmigration:
- Irish
- German
- Scandinavian
- MexicanNativism + Anti-Catholic
- Know-Nothing Party
"American Party"
"NINA": No Irish Need Apply1846
Wilmot Proviso
- David Wilmot
- ban all slavery in newly acquired territory during Mexican-Am war
- failed1848 + 1852 elections
Free-Soil PartyUnderground Railroad
Harriet Tubman1852
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act1859
John Brown
- leads anti-slavery raid on Harpers Ferry, W. Virginia1816
American Colonization Society founded
- establishes colony in Africa (Liberia)
- 13,000 black Americans settleCompromise of 1850
- Stephen Douglas + Henry Clay
- CA free state, strengthen Fugitive Slave Law,
admitted Utah + NM under pop. sovereigntyFugitive Slave Act of 18501856
Dred Scott v Sandford
- black slave was not citizen, no right to sue
- Congress could not regulate slavery --> nullifying Missouri Comp,
Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Wilmot Proviso1856
James Buchanan elected presidentWhigs + northern Democrats + Free-Soil combined:
Republican Party1860
Abraham Lincoln wins over the divided Democrat party1858
Off-Senate election: Abraham Lincoln vs Stephen Douglas1860
South Carolina seceded from the Union
- followed by: MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC, TN1861
Jefferson Davis appointed President of
Confederate States of AmericaSouth fires upon federally-controlled Fort Sumpter, S. Carolina
Civil War beginsBorder States - slave states supported the Union:
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and DelawareUnion
vs
Confederacy1863
Battle of Gettysburg
- bloodiest battle
- Union General Meade defeated Confederate General Lee + his plan to invade North1864
Sherman's "March to the Sea"
- Union General Sherman captured Atlanta and fought his way to Savannah1862
Union victory at Battle of Antietam1863
Emancipation Proclamation
- freed all slaves in "rebellious states"1863
Gettysburg Address1865
End of the civil war
- Confederate General Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia1865
Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
Reconstruction Period begins
Andrew Johnson assumed office1865 - 1877
ReconstructionLincoln's "Ten Percent Plan"Radical Republicans vs Moderate Republicans1864 - 1865
13th Amendment
- abolished slavery1868
14th Amendment
- citizenship1870
15th Amendment
- Susan B. Anthony + Elizabeth Cady Stanton refused to support
- did not include women
- Julia Ward Howe + Lucy Stone --> argued to support both black men too1865 - 1870
Reconstruction Amendments:
13th, 14th, 15th1868
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
- charges against Johnson were violation of the Tenure of Office Act
- real reason could be b/c Johnson opposed Reconstruction
- found not guilty"Scalawags" + "Carpetbaggers"Sharecropping
- part of crop yields for right to work land owned by another
- often constant debtJim Crow laws + black codes remained after Civil War:
- Literacy Tests
- Poll Taxes
- "Grandfather" ClausesKu Klux Klan
- rose in 1860s
- white supremacy, white nationalism, anti-immigration
- public lynching against AA1876
Rutherford B. Hayes is elected
- beats Samuel Tilden (went after William "Boss" M. Tweed)Compromise of 1877
- Hayes would become pres, but fed. gov had to pull out troops from South
- ended Reconstruction, seen as failureAge of Invention
- mass production
"captains of industry" and "robber barons"1843
Telegraph inventor Samuel Morse
received $30k to build forty-mile telegraph1861
Transcontinental telegraph in operationPacific Railroad Acts of 1862 + 1864
Funding and land grants to Union Pacific and Central PacificFactories and Assembly Line
Henry FordThomas Edison "Wizard of Menlo Park"
- lightbulb
- power plant: Edison Electric Light Stationholding company --> monopoly
- Vertical Integration (legal): Andrew Carnegie's steel
- Horizontal Integration (illegal): Rockefeller's Standard Oil1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
- wording was ambiguous, pro-business Supreme Court interpreted as it saw fit1904
Northern Securities Co. vs United States
- merger of largest railroad companies was monopoly, must break up
- precedent to check on monopoliesCaptains of Industry:
- John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil
- Andrew Carnegie: Carnegie Steel (United States Steel) -- Bessemer process
- Cornelius Vanderbilt: New York Central and Hudson River Railroads
- J.P. Morgan: J.P. Morgan and Co. --banking, bought companies1899
Open Door Policy
- Secretary of State John Hay
- European spheres of influence in China
- equal trading rightsBoxer Rebellion
- Boxers opposed Open Door Policy
- defeated by Western nationsGilded Age
laissez-faire economicsFinancial Panics
1869, 1873, 1884, 1893
- speculationPanic of 1869
Attempts by Jay Gould and James Fisk to corner the gold market
- increased price of wheat, more farmers selling products on Gould's railroad
- price of gold halved on Black Friday (Sept 24, 1869)Panic of 1873
Speculators invested in banks tied to railroad industry
- banks failedPanic of 1884
- failure of major bank company in New YorkPanic of 1893
- price of wheat crashed internationallyChild labor1869
Kings of Labor founded
- skilled + unskilled
- led by Terrence Powderly, popularity declined1886
American Federation of Labor (AFL) was founded
- excluded unskilled workers1935
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was founded
- broke away from the AFL
- accepted AA members
- reunited with AFL in 1955 to create AFL-CIOUnions + Strikes
KoL, AFL, CIO1892
Homestead Strike
- at Carnegie Homestead Steel factory
- protesting wage cut + refusal from Henry Clay Frick
- Pinkerton Detectives were sent to prevent steel workers from protesting --> violence1894
Pullman Strike
- at Pullman Palace Car Factory
- American Railway Union, led by Eugene Debs
- President Cleveland ordered Army to stop strike
- Debs jailed, read Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto
- leader of the American Socialist Party"New South"Mechanization:
plow + reaper --> overproduction + debtThe Grange Movement
- founded in 1867
- farmers called for liberal use of silver coins
replaced by Farmers' Alliance
- Mary Elizabeth Lease
- grew into the People's Party --> Populist movementMass transportation --> urban development
Immigration: ethnic neighborhoods, usually tenements1882
Chinese Exclusion ActAsian, Italian, and Eastern European Immigration
(2nd Wave)1879-1880 Exoduster Migration
Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
- advocated AA moving west for opportunities
- migrants were ExodustersEllis Island, NYC
- immigration inspection station
- assimilationPolitical Machines + Political Bosses
- jobs, housing, citizenship to poor immigrants for votes --> corruption
- William "Boss" Tweed, leader of Tammany Hallgrowth of middle class + consumerismCentral Pacific Railroad
- Sacramento, CA
- Chinese immigrant labor, mountainous
Union Pacific Railroad
- Omaha, NE
- Irish immigrant labor, Plains, Native Am. attacks
Promontory, Utah, 1869 --> Golden Spike1862
Morill Land Grant Act
- money for agricultural collegesNear-extinction of bison
b/c railroads1864
Sand Creek Massacre1876
Battle of Little Bighorn
"Custer's Last Stand"1890
Wounded Knee
- Ghost DanceIndian Reservation System
Americanization1887
Dawes ActCarlisle Indian Industrial School
- assimilationChief Joseph led his people, the Nez Perce, against removalJay Gould
- corruptCarnegie:
Gospel of Wealth
Social DarwinismRise of Socialism
Socialist Party of America
- from ideas of Karl Marx
- public ownership1883
Pendleton Act
- civil service reform,
political positions based on merit1881
Pres. James Garfield assassinated by Charles Guiteau
Chester Arthur ascends to presidencySpoils System:
- Stalwarts: all gov jobs go to loyal Republicans
- Half-Breeds: qualified Dem. should keep their jobs1890
McKinley Tariff1894
Wilson-Gorman Tariff
- decreased McKinley Tariff slightly
- created 2% income tax1869
National Women's Suffrage Association
- founded by Susan B. AnthonyTemperance Movement
Women's Christian Temperance UnionSettlement houses
- led by women, for poor neighborhoodsJane Addams
Hull House1893
Henry Street Settlement founded
- community center for nurses1896
Plessy v. Ferguson
- "separate but equal"Henry Ford
automobile"pop culture"
- movies, radio, communicationHoover Dam
- hydroelectric powerPanama Canal1890 - 1920
The Progressive Era1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
- under pres Benjamin Harrison, but later used by Roosevelt1914
Clayton Antitrust Act
- by President Woodrow Wilson
- expanded on Sherman Antitrust1914
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)1887
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
- President Grover Cleveland
- Interstate Commerce ActReferendum
Recall Election
Munincipal Reform
- city managerMuckraking1901
Theodore Roosevelt becomes president
"Square Deal"
- destroy monopolies
- "the trustbuster"1913
Federal Reserve Act
- Woodrow Wilson
- created the Federal Reserve System
- central bank of the USLabor Reforms
- child labor1906
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
- food industry1920
19th Amendment
- women's suffrage1872
Susan B. Anthony arressed for illegally votingBooker T. Washington
- Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. Du Bois
- "Talented Tenth"
- headed the NAACP
Marcus Gravey
- founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
- "Back to Africa" movement
- founded the Black Star Line1909
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) formedUnited States Forest Service
Roosevelt: "conservation president"1916
Margaret Sanger
opened the first birth control clinic
- founded American reproductive rights movement
- founded Planned ParenthoodHarlem Renaissance
- poets Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen,
and Zora Neale Hurston
- jazz (Jazz Age)
- musician Louis Armstrong1924
Immigration Act of 1924 ("Immigration Acts")Conservative Presidencies
Harding
Coolidge
Hoover
- attempted to reverse
progressive reforms1920
18th Amendment
Prohibition1920
19th Amendment
- women's suffrageAmerican Pop Culture
- Harlem Renaissance
- modernism
- atheism
- women1925
"Scopes Money Trial"
- John Scopes (teacher) violated the Butler Act
by teaching Darwin's theory of evolution
Lawyers Clarence Darrow and William Jennings BryanReemergence of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Eugenics movement1929
Stock Market Crash
- buying on margin1829
Herbert Hoover
- conservative pres
- "Hoovervilles": ramshackle shacks of the poorGreat Depression1933
Franklin Delano Roosevelt becomes pres
- highly liberal
- "alphabet agencies"
- New Deal
- "relief, recovery, and reform"1833
21st Amendment
- repealed 18th
- b/c of crimeJohn Maynard Keynes
- British economist
- deficit spending, "multiplier effect""Dust Bowl"
Great Plains "black blizzards"New Deal:
- Banking Regulation
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
- The Social Security Administration
- National Recovery Administration (NRA) - created by the National Industrial Recovery Act
- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
- Works Progress Administration (WPA)
- Tennesse Valley Authority (TVA)1937
Judicial Reorganization Bill
- Roosevelt's attempt to "pack the court"Russian Revolution
First Red Scare
"siege mentality"1919
Palmer Raids
- anarchist bombings
- Attorney General A. Mitchel Palmer was one of the victims
- govt. agents raided, 500 immigrants deported1920
Sacco and Vanzetti
- Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian immigrants
- protests1914 - 1918
World War IGreat Migration1909
President Taft
"Dollar diplomacy"
- advantageous relationships w/ poorer countries1898
US involvement in Spanish-American War
- President McKinley sent the Maine
- Maine exploded
- drove Spain out of Cuba + Phillippines1898
Treaty of Paris
- Cuba independence
- ceded Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the US"yellow journalism"
William Randolph Hearst, war hawkTeddy Roosevelt
pushed for American entry into the war
"Rough Riders"Roosevelt Corollary
- US could intervene1914
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated1914
Wilson declares neutrality1915
Lusitania sank by Germans
unrestricted submarine warfare1917
Zimmerman telegram - Arthur Zimmerman
- "ruthless" submarine warfare + German-Mexican alliance1918
Germany defeated, Armistice
WWI ends1919
Treaty of Versailles
- total fault
- cede German colonies/territories
- reparations
- disarmWilson's League of Nations1918
American Expeditiary Forces win first major offensive1919
US adopts isolationism1930s
Neutrality Acts1941
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor1839
Germany invades Poland
WWII starts1939 - 1945
World War II
Allies vs AxisAdolf Hitler
German "Aryans" superiority
"Final Solution"1937
Nanjing Massacre in China"Asian Holocaust" by JapaneseJapanese Internment Camps1944
D-Day invasion
- Nromandy1945
Hitler commits suicide
Germany surrenders unconditionally1945
Atomic bomb on Hiroshima and NagasakiManhattan Project
nuclear ageUnited Nations was establisheddepression ends, job opp for women,
federal power increases1947
start of Cold Warproxy wars
Korea and VietnamPolicy
of
Containment1947
The Truman Doctrine1948
The Marshall Plan1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- in response to Berlin blockade1955
Warsaw PactKorea decolonized
"temporarily" divided,
Soviets in north and US in south1950
US defends South Korea,
Communist China defends NKGeneral Douglas MacArthur
adovocated atomic bombs in china1953
Armistice signed at Panmunjom
NK/NK at 38th parallel1945
Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam indeoendent1946
Franco-Vietnamese War begins1954
France defeated by Vietnam
Geneva Accords
- "temporarily" divide VietnamSouthern insurgents: "Viet Cong"1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- Johnson gets power to use military force
w/o declaration of war
- response to Maddox1969
"Vietnamization"
- Nixon1973
Paris Peace Accords
- US ends involvement in Vietnam1975
Vietnam becomes communist1964
- USS Maddox incident"third world"
pawns"Mutually Assured Destruction"
(MAD)1957
Sputnik
satellite by Soviets1958
National Aeronautics and Space Association
("NASA")1969
Apollo 11
US first to walk on moonArms Race
+
Space
Race1979
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan"Detente" policy
- Nixon1961
Berlin Wall"Second Red Scare"
McCarthyism
- blacklisting, persecutions,
paranoiaMilitary-Industrial Complex
- EisenhowerVietnam war protestsThe Pentagon Papers
- Nixon's attempt to suppress info abt US gov action in Vietnam WarEnergy Policy and the Oil Crisis
- Us support for Israel
- oil embargo by Arab countriesOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
("OPEC")
- controlled the better part of world's oil monopolyNonviolent Protest + Peaceful Activism
- Martin Luther King, Jr
Civil Disobedience, inspired by Thoreau and GhandiThe Civil
Rights MovementViolent Protest + Militant Activism
- Malcolm X
- Black Panther Party: "Black Power" movement1954
Brown v. Board of Education
of Topeka
- attorney Thurgood Marshall1965
Civil Rights Act of 19651965
Voting Rights Act of 19651968
Fair Housing Act of 19681978
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
- affirmative action
- quotas unconstitutional, but race could be a factor in university admissions1967
Thurgood Marshall, first black justice on Supreme Court (Johnson)1963
Equal Pay Act of 1963
- male / female equal pay1966
National Organization for Women (NOW)1973
Roe v. Wade1969
Stonewall protest
- gay rights1974
Equal Education Opportunity Act
- billingual education more available
- Latino rights1968
Indian Civil Rights Act
- prevented civil rights abuses"War on Poverty"
Economic Opportunity Act1963
Clean Air Act
- air pollution1970
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)1962
Silent Spring
- book by Rachel Carson
- pesticides1981
Ronald Reagan becomes pres1977
Jimmy Carter becomes pres1979
oil crisis1979
Iran Hostage Crisisstagflation1974
Gerald Ford becomes pres after Nixon resigns
- pardons Nixon from Watergate
- "corrupt bargain"1973
VP Spiro Agnew (Nixon's VP)
resignsWatergate Scandal1969
Richard Nixon becomes pres
- "silent majority"1966
Miranda v. Arizona
- inform individuals before interrogating1963
Lyndon B. Johnson becomes pres
"Great Society"1953 - 1969
Warren Court
- Chief Justice Earl Warren1965
Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965
- increase in non-European immigrants
- as a result of "baby boom"middle-class migration to suburbs
"Sun Belt"1956
Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
- "white flight" phenomenonrock and roll
Elvis Presley"Counterculture"
Movement
- Beatniks
- Hippies
- Yippies
- sexual revolution
- drugs
vs
Conservative Traditionalists
- Religious Right1965
Griswold v. Connecticut
- contraceptives
- "right to privacy"1963
JFK assassinated
by Lee Harvey Oswald1965
Malcolm X shot
- leader of Nation of Islam African American movement1968
Martin Luther King, Jr. shot
by James Earl Ray1968
Robert F. Kennedy shot
by Sirhan Sirhan b/c of Kennedy's support for IsraelCarter's "Malaise Speech"
- complained that US had "crisis of confidence""Reaganomics"
Trickle-Down Economics
"Supply-Side Economics"Periods
(1491 - 1607) Period 1: Early Contact w/ the New World(1607 - 1754) Period 2: Colonization of North America(1754 - 1800) Period 3: Conflict and American Independence(1800 - 1848) Period 4: Beginnings of Modern American Democracy(1844 - 1877) Period 5: Toward the Civil War and Reconstruction(1865 - 1898) Period 6: The Industrial Revolution(1890 - 1945) Period 7: The Early 20th Century(1945 - 1980) Period 8: The Postwar Period and Cold War(1980 - Present) Period 9: Entering into the 21st Century
Comments