Events
The liberal democratic government collapses, leading to political instability in Italy.The Socialists and Communists call a general strike, increasing public support for Mussolini and the Fascists as they are seen as the only solution to restore law and order.Mussolini meets with leading Fascists in Milan and agrees that the time is right to seize power.A Fascist congress is held in Naples, where 40,000 Blackshirts declare their intention to march on Rome, chanting "A Roma."Fascist squads attempt to seize control of government buildings in north and central Italy, causing panic among local officials.Mussolini receives a telegram from King Victor Emmanuel III, inviting him to Rome for a conference.Talks continue regarding the formation of a new government that would include Fascists.The Nationalists join the Fascist Party, increasing its support base.The Acerbo Law is passed, granting the party with the most votes in an election two-thirds of the seats in parliament, enhancing the Fascists' power.The Fascists increase their representation in parliament from 7% to 66% after a campaign of intimidation and violence.Giacomo Matteotti, a liberal politician, is murdered by ex-squadristi Fascists after condemning Fascist violence.Mussolini takes responsibility for Fascist violence following public outrage over Matteotti's death and begins consolidating his power as Il Duce.The Law on Powers of the Head of Government is enacted, granting Mussolini significant executive powers, banning political parties and trade unions, and controlling the press.Increased repression and the establishment of the secret police (OVRA) expand Mussolini's control, granting him greater authority, including expanded arrest powers and trial without jury.
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