Saudi Arabia Timeline
Category: Other
Updated: 26 Mar 2018
Contributors
Created byJustin Rittwage
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Events
A series of military victories moves the Taliban, a
radical Islamist movement in Afghanistan, closer to power in Kabul.The liberal and reformist cleric Hojjat ul-Islam Sayyid Khatami is elected President of Iran by a landslide victory.Yasser Arafat is elected President of the Palestinian Authority.– Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli Prime Minister and co-recipient (with Yasser Arafat) of the Nobel
Peace Prize, is assassinated at a rally for peace in Israel on November 4th by a Jewish radical. Arab leaders were among the foreign dignitaries who attended his funerals.– King Hussein of Jordan dies of cancer after forty-six years of rule. Two weeks before his death, he designated his eldest son, Abdullah, as successor, replacing his brother Hassan who was Crown Prince for over four decades. Abdullah is crowned King of Jordan.King Hussein of Jordan and Prime Minister Rabin of Israel sign a peace treaty ending the state of war between their two countries.– In May, Libya sends a delegation to Israel for pilgrimage to the al-Aqsa mosque. The rest of the Arab world is shocked.– War breaks out in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo– The collapse of the USSR deprives many Arab states of a major diplomatic ally and a supplier of military and other assistance.North and South Yemen are reunited and become the Republic of Yemen; Sanaa is its capital, and Ali Abdallah Salah is its president.Death of Ayatollah Khomeini, the political and spiritual leader of Iran since the 1979 revolution.– Iraqi forces use chemical weapons to attack Kurds in the north of the country.An ailing and mentally incompetent President Habib Bourguiba is ousted in Tunisia by his prime minister Zine al-Abidin Ben Ali, who seizes the reins of government for himself and will rule Tunisia with an iron fist.Oil prices in the world market drop by 40%, creating serious difficulties for developing countries that rely largely on income from hydrocarbons.– The Arab American Institute is founded by James Zogby to increase Arab American access to and participation in US politics.The U.S. Embassy and Marine barracks in Lebanon are bombed.President Hafez al-Assad of Syria dies.
The Ba’ath Party selects his son, Bashar, a London-trained ophthalmologist, to succeed him.Oil is discovered in Iran.Death of the great Muslim reformer, Muhammad Abdu.– Britain forces the Ottomans to cede the Sinai peninsula to Egypt.New
eventBoutros Ghali, the Coptic Prime Minister of Egypt, is assassinated.– Kuwait, which is part of the Ottoman province of Basra, is declared a protectorate by Britain, with the aim of blocking a potential Ottoman
challenge and a planned German-sponsored railway through the region, which might pose a
threat to British interests in the area and in India.One of the first Sunni Mosques in America is established in Dearborn, Michigan.-Mohandas Gandhi begins his movement of non-cooperation with the British in India.– In Moroccco, Abd el-Krim launches a rebellion and sets up the “Rif Republic.” It will require more than 250,000 combined French and Spanish troops to force him to surrender in 1926.– Mustapha Kemal (Ataturk), a former Young Turk and hero of the Ottoman army, proclaims Turkey a republic.Lebanese- American poet Khalil Gibran (1883-1931) publishes The Prophet, his most famous work.-Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin dies.– An outbreak of violence between Arabs and Jews in Palestine is caused by a dispute over Jewish use of the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem.The oldest US mosque still in existence is built in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.– Birth of the enormously popular female Lebanese singer Fairuz .– The British Royal Commission on Palestine recommends the partition of Palestine to establish separate Jewish and Arab states.Iraq is shaken by a pro-German coup. The British react by overthrowing the Iraqi government and installing pro-British leaders.– Birth of Mahmoud Darwish, a leading poet of the Palestinian resistance.– The beginning of the Nuremberg trials on October 28th sheds light on the extent of Nazi atrocities in Europe.– Irgun, a Jewish terrorist organization led by Menachim Begin, blows up the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, the headquarters of the British Palestine Administration, killing 91 people.– Transjordan is renamed the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.Libya gains independence from Italy and Sayid Muhammad Idris al-Sanusi is declared king.– King Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia dies.Israel and Jordan are involved in a number of border skirmishes.– A truce is established between Jordan and Israel.– In Jordan, King Hussein declares martial law.– Oil is discovered in Libya.– Hassan II becomes king of Morocco after the death of his father, Muhammad V.Syria’s Ba’ath party seizes power in a coup.-China’s Cultural Revolution.-The Association of Arab-American University Graduates is formes as a pan-Arab representative lobby.Israel finally accepts Resolution 242 as the basis for a peace settlement in the Middle East.Work is completed on the Aswan High Dam in Egypt.– King Hassan II of Morocco survives a military coup attempt.– US president Nixon resigns.The Tangier American Legation Museuem is established in Tangier, Morocco.– Civil war breaks out in Yemen.-The National Association of Arab Americans is
formed as a foreign policy lobby group, which
advocates for a nonpartisan US policy in the
Middle East.Periods
-The Ottoman government determines that the Armenian population is a wartime security threat to the empire. Vast numbers of
Armenians are uprooted from Anatolia and
forced to migrate into Syria. The migration
becomes genocidal; as many as one million Armenians die or are killed along the way.The Druze state under the French mandate rises
in revolt, driving the French from the territory.
Druze actions inspire an all-Syrian revolt,
eventually leaving 6,000 dead in the greater
Syria area.
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