Russian and Medieval Europe timeline

Viking Rurik to Rule Novgorod

Kievan Primary Chronicle

Novgorod came into existence

Genghis Khan

Moscow first appears in written sources

Novgorod's people elected their posadnik

Grand Prince Gediminas transformed Lithuania into major power

Moscow established hegemony over the northeast

Crimea broke off

Russian state emerges

Council of Florence

Army of Mehmed the Conqueror breached walls of Constantinople and put an end to a millenium of Byzantine civilization

Sultans built Istanbul into the great capital of an Islamic empire

Great Horde broke up to form the khanate of Astrakhan

Ottoman Empire at its peak because of Mehmed the Conqueror

Turks moved south, capturing Levant and Egynpt, north Africa and Mesopotamia

Defeat of Hungary at the battle of Mohacs

Ottomans laid seige to Vienna

Poland-Lithuania state very strong

First executions for heresy in Russian history

Capture of Smolensk by Vasilii III (1505-1533)

Elena Glinskaia Gave birth to Ivan the Terrible

Ivan executed nearly 2000 people in Novgorod, including nobles and townspeople

Ivan terminated Oprichnina and its policy

War in Livonia--Stefan Bathory, the newly elected king of Poland managed to expel the Russians and divide Livonia with Sweden

Death of Ivan the Terrible in the Kremlin palace

Further exploration and conquest brought Russia to the Pacific Ocean

The Pretender Otrep'ev collected support and armies of Polish nobles to cross into Russia

Death of Boris--Otrep'ev became Tsar Dmitrii with company of the Poles and support of Russian boyars and Cossacks

Reign of Tsar Dmitrii was short-- the populace of Moscow rebelled and stormed the Kremlin and killed many including the Tsar

Prince Vasilii Shuiskii ascended the throne (behind the riot against Tsar Dmitrii)

Tsar Vasilii Shuiskii turned to Sweden and made a treaty and ceded the Russian territory on the Gulf of Finland to his new ally

Shuiskii's regime collapsed and seven boyars formed an interim government in Moscow

Army under Prince Dmitrii Pozharskii's control was strong enough to move toward Moscow in October and defeat the Poles before the city wall and enter the Kremlin

Tsar Michael Romanov was crowned with support of the Cossacks

Russian coast of the Gulf of Finland ceded to Sweden at Stolbovo

Tsar Michael Romanov's father named Patriarch after returning from Polish captivity

Patriarch Filaret (romanov father) tried to exact revenge on poland and retake Smolensk(

Vespasian, successful general, founded the Flavian dynasty after a year of civil war

Five Good Emperors till end of century

Octavian was granted imperium maius and tribunician power from the Senate. Also gained the semireligious title of Augustus

ARA PACIS, The altar of peace, was inaugurated to celebrate the return of Augustus from the provinces of the Empire to Rome.

Barbarian defeat and Augustus abandoned defense of the northern frontier

Death of Vasilii-- Ivan "The Terrible" put on throne as Grand Prince of Moscow and all of Rus

Death of Ivan's mother

Crowning of Ivan (after marriage to Anastasiia) by Makarii

Ivan the Terrible Annexed Kazan with Russian Army

Russians had a fort on the Terek (Ivan the Terrible)

Tsar Ivan began war with aim of annexation of Livonia.

Ivan and army moved into Livonia and caputred Tartu and the important port of Narva to counter possible Polish involvement

Ivan left the Kremlin and took his most trusted people to the south

Ivan had Metropolitan Filipp deposed and killed

Roman Empire in 14CE

Provinces of the Roman Empire

Amphitheater Pompeii, Italy

First Sasanian King Artaxerxes I founded the New Persian Empire after defeating the Parthians

Ending of the Sasanian Empire when the Arabs drove the Sasanias out of Mesopotamia

Divisions of the Late Roman Empire

In the east, Zenobia (wife of Syria ruler) extended her control over Egypt and much of Asia Minor

Two years after Zenobia, Emperor Aurelian ended the threat to imperial power by defeating her and her forces in Syria

A Jewish revolt was crushed by the Romans four years later. Jewish temple in Jerusalem was destroyed and roman power stood supreme in Judaea

Jerusalem was the first center of Christianity, but destroyed by Romans

Christian churches established in most major cities of the east and in some of the western Empire

Group of fifty Christians in Lyon were sacrificed to beasts

Peak of Rome's Urban development (architecture) Emperor was Constantine the Great

Siberia came under Russian Control after a treaty with China

Law code of 1649 made; product of civil order

Due to high tax from Morozov's taxation schemes, Muscovites rioted, killed several boyars and officials, and demanded Morozov's head

Surrender of the Orthodox hierarchy in Poland-Lithuania to form a new Catholic Uniate church

New King of Poland reversed the previous restriction on orthodox worship

Russia signed treaty with Poland, with Poland regaining most of its territory; still a distinct Russian victory

"Copper Revolt" by people of Moscow

Great Cossack revolt under Stenka Razin against nobility and tsarist bureaucracy in south Russia

Tsar Aleksei's armies defeated and killed Razin in Moscow

The Pereiaslav treaty; Hereditary elite of Cossack officers without consulting the Tsar

Exile of Avvakum who began to preach against the new books of Nikon and the Tsar

Execution of Avvakum

Patriarch Ioakim sponsored the establishment of the Slavo-Greco-Latin Academy (first European school in Russia)

Birth of Peter by Natalia Naryshkina

Death of the Tsar Fyodor plunged Russia into crisis

Peter's fascination with boats and navigation began

Peter the Great's return from sea voyage; rekindled interest in Fighting against the Turks

Peter the Great's First victory of taking the Azov fort on the Don river

Musketeers in Moscow revolting for better conditions--Peter was furious and ordered torture

Peter the Great took over the Swedish fort on the Neva River and renamed it schlusselburg "Key Castle"

Peter the Great took over a small swedish town and made the fortress of St. Peter and Paul

Russia became a great power after defeating the once invincible Swedish army at Poltava

Peter the Great wrapped up the Baltic provinces and took the Finnish town of Viborg

Alexis died Russia

Sophia sent to convent [she was the unofficial regent to Peter/Ivan]

Peter the Great Made the Grand Embassy to talk to the European Monarchs by himself.

Marta, the mistress of Peter, took on the name Catherine the First after marriage

Russian Academy of Sciences founded

Peter the Great's Death

Catherine's death, the empress

Peter II died

Peter the Great's Succession Law

Swedish Declaration of War

Russian army defeated the Swedes, quickly ending the war in 1743

Enlightenment came to Russia

Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emergence of a new civilization

Merovingian dynasty was losing control of Frankish lands; Charles Martel became virtual ruler of Austrasia

Charles Martel, the Carolingian may of Austrasia died

Pepin, Charles Martel's son, assumes power

Charlemagne led his army into Italy and crushed the Lombards and took control of Lombard State

Saxony finally pacified and added to the Carolingian domain

Charlemagne invaded Bavarians in southeast Germany and brought them into his empire

Charlemagne as emperor of the romans by Pope Leo III

Charlemagne's death, Louis the Pious takes over. However the Treaty of Verdun is made to divide the Empire among the three surviving brothers

Ribbentrop-Molotov pact of 1939

The Republic

Imperial rome--successors of Augustus known as imperator

1. Period of Augustus as Ruler

2. Ruling of Tiberius (Beginning of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty

3. Ruling of unruly Gaius (Caligula)

4. Ruling of Claudius

5. Ruling of Nero--lead to rebellion in 68 C.E. Beginning of Persecution of Christians

Marcus Aurelius as Emperor of Rome

Invasions of the Roman Empire by Franks, Goths, Visigoths, Huns, Vandals etc.

Emperor Aurelian restored most of the boundaries and built a defensive wall around Rome to defend city "restorer of the world"

The Silver Age: writers were known to be pessimistic and negative

Ruling of the cruel Commodus, son of Aurelius. He was assassinated

The Severan rulers began to create a military monarchy (Septimius Severus)

For fifty years the Roman Empire was in the chaos of continual civial war

The First Sasanian king, Artaxerxes I

Jesus of Nazareth, a Palestinian Jew

"Second founder of Christianity" Paul of Tarsus who transformed Christianity from a Jewish sect into a broader religious movement

Kiev became a major center of influence on Russian thought and life

Tsar Michael Romanov (first romanov)

First full century of serfdom

Russian War against Poland after Aleksei was given overlordship of the Ukranian Cossacks

Council of 1666-1667 restored order in the church everywhere except in wilderness where Old Believers took refuge

Tsarevna Sofia ruled for seven years as regent of Russia after executing Khovanskii

War between Russia (Peter the Great) and Sweden (King Charles)

The Seven Years War

Early Middle Ages European Civilization

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire

Charles the Bald obtained the western Frankish lands which formed the core of the eventual kingdom of France

Louis the German took the eastern lands which became Germany

Lothar received the title of emperor and a "Middle Kingdom" extending from the north sea to the Mediterranean, including Netherlands, the Rhineland and northern Italy