Medieval History - Japan
Category: Other
Updated: 6 Oct 2021
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Created byfrankie
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The first official capital of Japan is based in the city of Nara; the imperial family (emperor / empress), rules over Japan during this timeUnder orders from Emperor Jammu, the capital of Japan moves to the city of Heian-Kyo (Kyoto). It is the official capital for the next 100 yearsThe Minamoto clan seizes power from the emperor; Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes shogun and establishes his own capital in Kamakura. With support from the lords (daimyo) and warriors (samurai) a series of shoguns rules Japan for the next 700 yearsThe Mongol army launches an attack on Japan, landing on the island of Kyushu; a typhoon destroys many of their ships and the invasion failsThe Mongol army launches a second attack on Japan, landing once again on the island of Kyushu; for the second time a typhoon hits destroying almost all Mongol shops and their invasion failsEmperor Go-Daigo overthrows the Kamakura shogunate, and takes back power from the shogun for a brief periodEmperor Go-Daigo overthrows the Kamakura shogunate, and takes back power from the shogun for a brief period (copy)Ashikgawa Takuji seizes power from Emperor Go-Daigo to become the new shogunA period of civil war known as the Warring States period begins. It begins a rivalry between warlords.William Adams, a sailor and navigator, becomes the first Englishman to visit Japan; he befriends Tokugawa Ieyasu and later becomes a key advisor to himTokugawa Ieyasu becomes shogun and establishes a base in the city of Edo (Tokyo) the Tokugawa shogunate rules Japan for the next 260Tokugawa lemitstu introduced a policy known as sakoku (‘locked country’) in which no Japanese people are permitted to leave Japan and no foreigners are allowed to enter.A policy is introduced to reduce logging and increase the planting of trees; only the shogun and his daimyo are able to authorise the use of woodTimber harvesting in Japan has now been reduced by 60%; it remains at low levels for the next 30 years; allowing Japan’s forests to recoverCommodore Matthew Perry, a US Naval officer arrives in the city of Edo (Tokyo) to persuade the Japanese to open their borders to trade.The Convention of Kanagawa puts an end to the policy of sakoku; Japan opens up trade with the United StatesThe last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, steps down and hands power back to the imperial family under Emperor Meiji
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