Occupational Therapy

William Tuke in 1792 founded York Retreat. The goal was to remove cruelties found in asylums and find more humane methods. (Moral Treatment)

Benjamin Rush (1800) Brought concept on Moral Treatment to America. Known as the father of psychiatry. Thought that a balance of work, rest, and play were a treatment for mental illness

(1813-1817) Friends Asylum for the insane in the nations first privately run psychiatric hospital. Established by the Quakers

Industrial revolution. It was thought to be bad. That making things with own two hands was better.

William Morris (1834-1896) In the late 1800s he started the arts and crafts movement. It was one of the first things OT's did.

Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915) Founder of Roycroft artisan community. Influenced the arts and crafts movement. The movement aimed to re-establishe harmony between creator and created.

Herbert Hall A physician who incorporated philosophy and practices into the Arts and Crafts Movement. (1899)

George Barton in 1914 opened consolation house , where occupation was used as a method of treatment. He was a architect of the arts and craft movement

William Dunton , is known as the father of Occupational therapy. He published the Occupational therapy manual for nurses in 1915 Applied this to Sheppard Asylum

On march 15,1917 the OT Association:NSPOT was formed in Clifton springs,NY. The National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy.

in 1930 the AOTA and the American Medical Association Council affiliated to accredit Occupational therapy programs.

in 1935 Four schools got accredited.

in 1952 AOTA became official members of the World Federation of Occupational therapists.

in 1958 the first essential and guidelines for and approved educational program for OTA adopted

in 1963 Occupational Therapy Assistant membership category was created.

The first national certification examination was administered to OTAs in 1977.

Phillippe Pinel at Hospice (1793) de Bicêtre began implementing his ideas on humane treatment.

Hull House is a social settlement begun by Jane Addams in Chicago during the late 1800s/ early 1900s

Eleanor Slagle affiliated with the Hull house. She utilized habit training. Called the whole environment: meaning a balance of occupational cycles , a habit formation as a learning process,and sequence of occupational cycles.

Adolph Meyer presented the philosophy of occupational therapy. Holistic view of man: each individual should be seen as a complete and unified whole.

Smith-Bankead Bill of 1920. established vocational rehabilitation to reclaim individuals unemployment due to injury or disease

Federal industrial act of 1923 required hospitals to employ occupational therapists to treat industrial accidents or illness

Vocational rehabilitation amendments of 1943. Federal payment of medical services to persons while employed. Expanded services to mentally ill, and included physical restoration. Paved the way to Medicaid

Medicare, enacted in 1965 National social insurance program, administered by the U.S Government. provides health insurance to people age 65 an older.

Medicaid, enacted in 1965 Helps low income individuals and families pay for the cost of medical care. joint federal and state funded

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Replaced the Vocational rehabilitation act of 1943. Fist civil legislation to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities.

Education for all handicapped children act of 1975. Children have the right to a free and appropriate education, regardless of handicap.

Phillippe Pinel introduced work treatment for the mentally ill. It was used as a diversion from stresses.

100 years of OT