Germany development of dictatorship 1918-1945
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Updated: 16 Feb 2021
iGCSE History course
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Created byOlivia Henderson
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Events
Kaiser Wilhelm abdicatesArmistice signedSPD wins Reichstag elections with 38% majorityWeimar constitution publishedTreaty of Versailled signedSpartacist uprisingKapp PutschSupport for SPD fell by halfFirst reparations payment madeGermany announced inability to pay reparations60,000 French soldiers occupied the RuhrPrices rose by 400% every dayBread cost 3bn marksStresemann appointed as chancellor and foreign ministerDawes planYoung planLocarno pactsGermany admitted to League of NationsKellog-briand pactGermany had recovered economicallyMunich PutschHitler placed on trialStresemann diedWall street crashBruning took office as chancellorBruning sacked after trying to ban SANazis won 230 seats in the ReichstagHitler elected as chancellorRoehm returned, increased SA violenceNazis won 288 seats in general electionEnabling bill passedHitler banned trade unionsAll regional parliaments banned - local govt. to be appointed by HitlerNight of the long knivesSS set upSS ownership passed onto Himmler50,000 members of the SSGestapo established by GoeringGestapo merged with SS150,000 people detained by gestapoThe first concentration camp opened - Dechau6 Concentration camps existed, holding 20,000Goebbels became minister of propoganda70% of households contained a radioLibraries ransackedWomen banned from party leadershipDeutsches Freunwork formedNazi regime attacked the pope in an open letterJewish children banned from attending schoolTeaching force fell by 17,000 since weimar periodHitler Youth establishedHitler youth had 35,000 members100,000 Hitler youth members attended the Nuremberg rallyUnofficial persecution of Jews beginsPassing of sterlisation law - 700k sterilisedIncrease in antisemitic propogandaNuremberg laws passedNuremberg laws extended to other undesirablesBerlin olympics
Persecution lessened - many jews fled the countryJews had to carry an identity card with a 'J'A polish Jew shot a Nazi, causing Kristallnacht20,000 Jews sent to concentration campsAll males from 16-25 had to serve 6 months under RADPolicy of AutarkyRationing startedHalf a loaf of bread and 300g meat or weekRationing system crumbled, ration cards no longer given out, 1m died of starvationTotal WarProfessional sport ended - non essential shops closedManufactoring of civilian clothes stoppedCompulsory war work for women 17-45Age limit for compulsory war raised to 50Over 7m prisoners working on German industry2.5m children evacuated to townsEvacuation intensified with 9m women and children1,000 bomber raid on Cologne50,000 German civilians died in 1 week in Hamburg70% of Dresden decimated, 150,000 killedBobhoeffer arrested (he had worked in German military intelligence and aided alloes)Cardinal Galen arrested (he had campaigned to end the euthanasia program)White rose activities increased as war worsenedScholls (leaders of White rose group) were reported to Gestapo, trialled and executes (along with 80 others)The Edelweiss pirates had 2,000 members12 Edelweiss pirates hangedStauffenberg planted a bomb in a military conferenceSoviets entered BerlinHitler committed suicidePeriods
Passive resistanceNazi party had 12 seats in parliament6m Germans unemployedMembership of the SA rose from 30,000 in 1929 to 440,000 in 1932
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