Events
10,000 BC
Civilization domesticates crops and animals by
selectively breeding from natural biological diversity3000 BC
Beer, cheese, wine creation through
manipulation of microorganismsIdentification of principles of inheritance by Gregor Mendel in 1865,
laying the foundation for classical breeding methodsPeriods
1930s
Development of
commercial hybrid
crops in
the Green
Revolution1940s to 1960s
Use of mutagenesis, tissue culture, plant regeneration.
Discovery of transformation and transduction.
Discovery by Watson and Crick of the structure of DNA in
1953. Identification of genes that detach and move
(transposons)1970s
Advent of gene transfer through recombinant DNA
techniques. Use of embryo rescue and protoplast
fusion in plant breeding and artificial insemination
in animal reproduction1990s
Genetic fingerprinting of many organisms. Embryo
rescue, protoplast fusion for breeding and artificial
insemination2000s ~
Development of bioinformatics, genomics,
proteomics, metabolomics. Genome editing
with CRISPR Cas9 in 2013.
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