Surrealism
Category: Other
Updated: 29 Dec 2020
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Created byFrankie Jenner
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First Surrealist ManifestoGuillaume Apollinaire diesNazi occupation of ParisFirst Paper's of Surrealism Exhibition opens in NY on 14th October 1942Rise of Existentialism in France after the end of WW2Arrival of Pop ArtGuillaume Apollinaire, 'The New Spirit and the Poets' [Book] L'espirit NouveauBreton publicly adopts the word 'Surrealism' in October 1924Dada begins in Zurich, SwitzerlandAndre Breton, 'The Automatic Message' [Minotaur]First exhibition of surrealist photographyHal Foster response to L'Amour fou: Photography and Surrealism Exhibition.Dora Maar returns to ParisClaude Cahun meets BretonMan Ray comes to ParisBrussels gets occupied by German forcesMagritte returns to his 'proper' Magrittian styleMagritte's artistic tantrum of 1948Andre Breton, 'As in a Wood' (1951) [Essay]Un Chien Andalou [Film]L'age d'or [Film]Breton visits a flea market with Giacometti.Sigmund Freud, 'On Fetishism' (1927) [Paper]Surrealism reaches the peak of its object crazeAttack on Breton in 'Un Cadavre' [Pamphlet]Tristan Tzara leaves the surrealist groupAndre Breton discovers GiacomettiGiacometti joins the surrealist groupGeorges Bataille, 'Formless' (1929) [Essay/ Definition]Martin Jay, 'Abjection Overruled' (1998) [Essay]Abject Art: Repulsion and Desire in American Art Exhibition at the Whitney Museum, NY (1993)Julia Kristeva, 'Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection' (1980) [Book]George Bataille diedRevival of Bataille in 'Tel Quel' [Journal] distinguishes itself from Bretonian surrealism.Krauss begins a Bataillian revivalBriony Fer starts writing from a Bataillian framework in 'On Abstract Art' [Book]Lisa Florman writes about Picasso in a Bataillian framework in 'Myth and Metamorphosis: Picasso's Classical Prints of the 1930s' [Book]Revival of Antonin Artaud in the 1960sBreton meets Aragon for the first timeAragon goes to Moscow for the first timeAragon publishes work that Breton criticised as un-surrealistAragon publishes another work that's critical of Bretonian ideasAragon's work enters into a state of crisisAragon and Barbusse chosen to represent France at the International Conference at the Kharkov Conference 1931Aragon criticised the PCF at the Kharkov conferenceThe PCF began to criticise AragonSurrealist group in 'collective disarray'Aragon urges the surrealists and PCF uniteAragon arrested by French police because of 'Front Rouge' poemAragon reject's Bretonian surrealism and enters into full service with the PCFPCF + Surrealist group collaborate on 'The Truth About the Colonies' Exhibition, Paris (1931)PCF begin to criticise the surrealistsSurrealist Map of the World in Varietes Journal (1929)Sculptures from Pacific Islands on show at Surrealist Exhibition at Galerie SurrealisteSurrealist exiles began arriving in America from 1941Surrealists wanted to collaborate on a book about Eskimo artBreton's first step to communist conversion19 surrealists signed Barbusse's protest to the Rif war in MoroccoPolitical conversion en masse of surrealists to communismFormation of the 'Clarte' surrealist alliance (communist)Clarte group engage in Moroccan revolutionBreton, Aragon, Eluard, Peret and Pierre Unik apply for PCF membershipSurrealists passionately support revolutionary uprising in MoroccoHitler came to powerTrotsky and Breton publish 'Manifesto For an Independent Revolutionary Art'Surrealist declaration in support of the Algerian WarAndre Breton, 'L'art Magique' (1957)Reference to magic in the first surrealist manifestoSurrealism's growing interest in magic seen in Benjamin Peret, 'La Parole est a Peret' (1943)Surrealist interest in magic increased as Kurt Seligmann joined the surrealist groupSurrealist journal 'Medium' is first publishedBreton writes about magic in an essay in 'Metaphysique' JournalDiscourse on Duchamp and Magic written by Jack Burnham in 'Great Western Saltworks'Surrealism is not dead, expressed by Andre Breton in 'Situation of Surrealism Between the Two Wars' (1942)Clement Greenberg, 'Surrealist Painting' (1944)1950s see the peak in the revival of ImpressionismRessurgance of interest in Impressionism after the warParis surrealist group breaks up/ dispersesPeggy Gugenheim opens Art of This Century Gallery and showed all the major surrealist artistsGreenberg is critical of surrealism in his essay 'Towards A Newer Laocoon' (1940)Greenberg is critical of First Papers of Surrealism ExhibitionBreton rejects positivismBreton rejects positivism againGreenberg's turn to positivismAnother work that marked surrealism's shift to esotericism is Andre Breton's 'Arcane 17' (1945)Culmination of surrealism's shift to magic also in same year that Greenberg declares the establishment of an American school of abstract art.In the 4th issue of 'La Révolution surréaliste' Breton declares he is taking over the publicationAndre Breton calls Picasso 'One of ours' in 4th issue of La Révolution surréaliste'Three Dancers' (1925) seen as Picasso's turn to surrealismBreton's praise of Picasso in 'Break of Day' (1934)Picasso stays in Paris for the German occupation1944 seen as year Picasso turns away from surrealismMax Ernst moves to South of France with Leonora CarringtonMax Ernst imprisoned in Camp des Milles, near Aix-en-Provence, with Hans BellmerMax Ernst arrested again shortly after German occupation of FranceErnst and Guggenheim get marriedErnst and Dorothea Tanning get married and move to ArizonaErnst and Tanning move back to South of FranceDuchamp escapes to New YorkBreton moves back to FranceAndre Masson moves back to ParisMan Ray moves back to ParisAndre Breton goes to MexicoMatta moves to New YorkRene Magritte Exhibition at MoMASalvador Dali Exhibition at The Gallery of Modern Art, NYDuchamp starts to make a comeback as one of the most important artists of the 20th c.Duchamp's return to prominence in Robert Motherwell, 'Dada, Painters and Poets' (1951)First anthology of Duchamp's writing was published in 'Marchand de Sel ecrits de Marcel Duchamp' (1958)Emergence of neo-Dada in 1950sSurrealist Intrusion in the Enchanters Domain Exhibition at the D'Arcy Galleries NY (1960)First mega-critique of Greenberg in Steinberg's 'Other Criteria' (1968)Sontag tried to chart the sensibilities of the decadeRare voice of support for surrealism in 1960s in Susan Sontag, 'One Culture and the New Sensibility' (1965)Sontag tries to forge this idea of a new sensibility again in 'The Aesthetics of Silence' (1967)Adoption of Cagian theory in Leonard B. Meyer, 'The End of the Renaissance' (1963)Rejection of a surrealist sensibility in 'Sesnsibility of the Sixties' by Barbara Rose and Irving SandlerMichael Fried rejects a surrealist sensibility in his famous 'Art and Objecthood' (1967)First time surrealism is seen to be echoed in Pop Art expressed by Mark Koslof in Art InternationalL'Ecart absolu Surrealist Exhibition in Paris (1965)Creation of Chicago surrealist group (July 1966)Art Forum 'Surrealism' special edition. Was actually very critical of surrealism.ArtForum May 1968 criticised Surrealist expo at MoMAArtForum becomes more politicised and rejects surrealismAndre Breton diesMarcel Duchamp diesPresence of magic evident in International Exhibition of Surrealism in ParisPeriods
Second Surrealist ManifestoAndre Brouillet, 'A Clinical Demonstration at the Salpêtrière' (1887) [Painting]Term 'Psychoanalysis' used for the first timeSigmund Freud, 'The Interpretation of Dreams' [Book]Sigmund Freud, 'The Psychopathology of Everyday Life' [Book]Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault, 'The Magnetic Fields' [Book]L'Esprit Nouveau Journal (Purism)Andre Masson, 'Automatic Drawing' [drawing]Many surrealists join the Communist PartyThe surrealist objectAndre Breton, 'Mad Love' (1937) [Book]International Exhibition of Surrealism (Paris, Jan-Feb 1938)Degenerate Art Exhibition (Munich, 19th July - 30th November 1937)Andre Breton, 'The New Spirit' [Book] L'espirit Nouveau'De Stijl' Journal dedicated their November 1918 issue to Apollinaire after he died'L'espirit Nouveau' Journal dedicated a special issue to ApollinaireBreton tried to organise conference to discuss 'L'espirit Nouveau'World War 1WW2Dada arrives in Paris between 1920 - 21Dali joined the surrealist groupWalter Benjamin discovers surrealism (1926-7)Walter Benjamin, 'Surrealism: The Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia' (1929) [Essay]Masson returned to the surrealist groupMasson leaves the surrealist groupMasson declares his commitment to the communismMasson re-affirms his commitment to communismAndre Masson, 'Anatomy of my Universe' (1943) [Book]Very significant year in surrealismTheodor Adorno, 'Looking Back on Surrealism' (1956) [Book]Magritte moves to Paris to be closer to the Paris surrealist groupFreud writes to Breton about surrealismFreud's 'heimlich' and 'unheimlich' text enters into art historyRosalind Krauss, 'The Photographic Conditions of Surrealism' (Winter 1981) [October Journal]L'Amour fou: Photography and Surrealism Exhibition, curated by Rosalind Krauss and Jane Livingston (1985)Magritte's crisis (1939-41)Andre Breton, 'Crisis of the Object' (1936) [Essay]Surrealism's Object CrazeExposition Internationale du Surealisme (EROS) ExhibitionAn interest in the 'abject' becomes the 'central impulse of 1990s art''Documents' [Journal] (Ran from 1929-1930)Re-discovery of 'Documents' journal at The Spirit of Surrealism Exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art (Oct-Nov 1979)Reintroduction of Bataille/ formless/ abjection in Formless Exhibition at the Pompidou organised by Rosalind Krauss and Yve Alain-BoisPCF in crisis - undergoes a series of changesAaragon's work heavily criticised during this timeAragon was the French delegate at the Kharkov conference (Association of Proletarian Writers [RAPP] at the Third International Congress)Paris Colonial Exhibition (1931)Exposition surrealiste d'objects, Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris (1936)International Surrealist Exhibition in LondonCharles Ratton exhibition of Eskimo and North Western Coast Art (1931/2)Rif War (war between colonial power of Spain and the tribes of Morocco)French intervention in the Rif warMoscow Show Trials and ultimate exit of surrealists from PCFAragon shift from automatic poems to socialist realismAlgerian War for Independence - helped re-politicise the surrealists as an anti-colonial movementSurrealism enters the fantastic/ the magicalSurrealists create new Journal called VVVBreton's involvement with organised communismPicasso's surrealist eraMinotaur Journal ran from Feb 1933 - 1939German occupation of FranceMany surrealists re-congregate in Breton's house in MarseilleBreton has his own gallery in ParisBief surrealist journal startedLa Breche surrealist journal foundedMedium journal restarted againCritics make comparisons between Pop Art and surrealismReturn of Duchamp at the Challenge and Defy Exhibition at the Sidney Janis Gallery, NYDiscourse of the 1960s dominated by Cagian theory and factualism/ literalist sensibility/ minimalism/Dada, Surrealism and Their Heritage Exhibition at MoMA
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