Events
The Romans (with Titus as their leader) completely destroy Jerusalem
and the temple is demolished, never to be built again.
'Not one stone left standing on top of another'
Jewish independence is lost till the state of Israel is established in 1948.Samaria was besieged and conquered by the Assyrians,
Shalmaneser V in 722 B.C.E., who deported the inhabitants to
Assyria (capital: Nineveh on
the Tigris River),In 587 B.C.E Jerusalem fell to
the Babylonian Nebuchadnezzar (the Assyrian power had been broken in
612 B.C.E) and the Jews were deported to Babylon in Mesopotamia (the
Babylonian Exile).
( The book of Daniel is based in this time period)Cyrus the Persian conquered Babylon in 538 B.C.E. and freed the
Jews , allowing them to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their Temple.
This was the period of the prophets such as Haggai, Zechariah, Nehemiah
and Malachi.The formal beginning of the Hellenistic period for the Jews.Alexander’s death in 323 B.C.E., the Middle East, including Palestine,
fell to two generals, Seleucid and Ptolemy and subsequently to their successors.The Jewish Law is translated into Greek.In 198 B.C.E., all Israel came under Seleucid rule.In 170 B.C.E Antiochus IV, a Seleucid, attacked Egypt and had himself
crowned king of Egypt.On his way back to Antioch (169 B.C.E) Antiochus sacked
Jerusalem and desecrated the Temple (cf. 1 Maccabees 1:16; 2
Maccabees 5:15; Daniel 11:24-28).The Hasmonean Revolt and the begining of the Hasmonenean dynastyIn 63 B.C.E the Romans conquered all Palestine and established local
subjects to rule on their behalf,The End of the Hasmonean DynastyRomans recognised Herod the Great as king of the Jews and placed him as ruler over all Jewish territory, i.e. Judea,
Samaria, Galilee, Perea (Greek word for “beyond” – beyond the Jordan), and lands east and west northeast of Galilee.Death of Herod the GreatThe Birth of JesusThe Cricufiction of Jesus ChristHerod Antipas is crowned King of Galilee and Perea (Capital: Tiberius after Emperor Tiberius,
14-37 C.E.Archelaus was deposed in 6 C.E and his territory placed under a
Roman governor, who happened to be Pontius Pilate (26-36 C.E) at
the time of Jesus’ crucifixion (cf. Mk 15:1, Luke 3:1-2).Julius Ceasar becomes the Roman leaderCaesar Augustus becomes empororTiberius becomes Emperor of RomeCaligula becomes Emperor of RomeClaudius becomes Emperor of Rome (41-54 C.E),Nero, the first persecutor of Christians (54-68 C.E, becomes EmpororVespasian (68-79 C.E), becomes the Emperor of RomeJews in Palestine tried to revolt (66 C.E) under VaspianTitus becomes Emperor of RomeDavid and Solomon are kings in Jerusalem.
The first Jewish Temple is built there by King Solomon.The northern kingdom is destroyed by the Assyrians and its population exiled and lost.The earlier Books of the Prophets,
including most of the book of Isaiah, are writtenThe first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem is destroyed by the Babylonians.The later Prophetic books, including Jeremiah and Ezekiel, are writtenOne hundred and twenty sages of the Great Assembly collate the Hebrew Bible (the 'Old Testament').Collation of the old testameant is completedPeriods
Exodus and the Sinai Covenant (c. 1250 B.C.E)
The Monarchy
(c. 1020 B.C.E)Divided Kingdoms (931 – 721 B.C.E)
Fall of the Kingdom and the
Captives (722 – 538 B.C.E)
The Restoration (538 – 333 B.C.E)
The Jews under Hellenistic
Rule (333 – 63 B.C.E)Roman Rule
(till the destruction of
Jerusalem ) 63 B.C.-70 A.DIsrael is ruled by the Judges (Judges,
Chronicles)The Babylonian
ExileThe Hasmonean
Dynasty
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