digital twin timeline

Conceptual Model presented by Prof. Grieves at the University of Michigan for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

Concept was greatly expanded by Grieves. The term Digital Twin is from then on used for the conceptual model.

Vickers (from NASA), a colleague of Grieves, was the first to define the term Digital Twin (DT). NASA uses it ever since in its roadmaps.

DT technology accepted and generalized by major companies

The concept of DT is accepted and promoted rapidly by GE, Siemens and Dassault Systèmes

Use of term Product Avatar (PA) by Hribernik et al., which is very similar to Grieves' concept. They developed it independently from Grieves.

DT is driven by Digital Thread according to USAF

Mirrored Spaces Model (initial conceptual model by Grieves)

Information Mirroring Model (Grieves starts using other name for model)

Gartner listed DT as Top 10 Strategic Technology trend for 3 consecutive years