The Great War
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Updated: 21 Sep 2019
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Created byNoah Kaminer-Vickers
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Events
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian militarism. Germany gives assurances of support.Beginning of the "Black Week". Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. The Serbian response is seen as satisfactory everywhere but in Vienna.Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes.Ottomans occupy the Persian border town of Qotur as a bridgehead to the Caucasus, but withdraw after their defeat at Sarikamish.The German fleet shells Scarborough and Hartlepool, England.Fighting begins at perthes.Fighting begins at Noyon.The Netherlands declare neutrality.Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Czar Nicholas II of Russia communicate via telegram.Germany sends Russia an ultimatum.Germany declares war on Russia and mobilises.France mobilizes.Italy declares its neutrality.Denmark, Sweden and Norway unitedly declare their neutrality.Germany and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty.Germany invades Luxembourg.Skirmish at Joncherey, first military action on the Western Front.Germany declares war on France. Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border.Switzerland declares its neutrality and mobilizes for purposes of defense.Germany invades Belgium to outflank the French army.Britain protests against the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by the Treaty of London,
The German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper).
The United Kingdom declares war on Germany.The United States declares neutrality.German Steamer SS Pfalz surrenders after being fired on by Fort Nepean, south of Melbourne, Australia.Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles.Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.Serbia declares war on Germany.Spain declares "the strictest neutrality."Montenegro declares war on GermanyThe Togoland Campaign begins.France declares war on Austria-Hungary.The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary.Battle of Halen, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.German troops crossed into British East Africa and occupied Taveta.The Russian army enters East Prussia. Battle of Stallupönen.The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia, the Battle of Gumbinnen. The attack is a failure in addition to being a deviation from the Schlieffen Plan.The Germans occupy Brussels.Battle of Morhange, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.Battle of Sarrebourg, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.Battle of Charleroi, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.Japan declares war on Germany.Battle of Mons, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.Action of Elouges.Battle of the Mortagne, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary.Battle of Tepe: The Kamerun Campaign begins.British and French forces conquer Togoland, a German protectorate in West Africa.Battle of Le Grand Fayt.Battle of Étreux.The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea.Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium.New Zealand occupies German Samoa (later Western Samoa).Action at NerySaint Petersburg renamed Petrograd, removing German words "Burg" and "Sankt".British Ship HMS Pathfinder (1904) is sunk by a German U-BoatBattle of Nsanakong.Fanning Raid.Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg lays out Germany's war aims.Battle of Bita Paka.Troops from South Africa begin invading German South-West Africa.Erich von Falkenhayn replaces Helmuth von Moltke the Younger as German Chief of Staff.Boer leader Manie Maritz revolts in South Africa.Battle of Zanzibar, German naval victory.Bombardment of PapeeteGerman Light Cruiser Emden attacks MadrasThe Siege of Przemyśl beginsBattle of Sandfontein.Battle of Penang.Black Sea Raid. Ottoman warships bombard the Russian ports of Odessa and Sevastopol.Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.Battle of Coronel. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock.The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany.Serbia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.Battle of Kilimanjaro.France and the United Kingdom declare war on the Ottoman Empire.Fao Landing, British and Indians besiege the fortress at Fao.Battle of Cocos, northeast Indian Ocean. The Australian cruiser Sydney destroys the German cruiser Emden.Sultan Mehmed V declares Jihad on the Allies.Battle of El Herri: Worst French defeat in Morocco at the hands of the Zayanes.Bolshevik representatives at the State Duma arrested and exiled to Siberia.Battle of the Falklands. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron is defeated by the Royal Navy.Hill 60 captured by the Germans.The Russian offensive in the Carpathians begins. It will continue until April 12.Japan attempts to impose its Twenty-One Demands on neutral China.First Zeppelin raid on Great Britain.Battle of Dogger Bank between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German Hochseeflotte.The Russians take Tabriz.Battle of Bolimov. First German use of chemical weapons.Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant vessels.Jan Kemp surrenders. End of the Maritz Rebellion.Battle of Kakamas: German invasion of South Africa repelled.Troops in Singapore mutiny against the BritishBritish and French naval attack on the Dardanelles. The Gallipoli Campaign begins.Great Britain and France promise Russia Constantinople.Ottomans retreat to Qotur, pushed by a Russian counteroffensive.Battle of Más a Tierra. The last remnant of the German East Asia Squadron is sunk and its crew interned in neutral Chile.Battle of 18 March. The British and French unsuccessfully try to force the Dardanelles, losing 3 Pre-Dreadnought BattleshipsThe Siege of Przemyśl ends. The Russians capture the fortress.Battle of DilmanDeportation of Armenian intellectuals to Ankara, first act of the Armenian Genocide.Allied forces land on Gallipoli, landing at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.First Battle of Krithia. The Allied advance is repelled.Treaty of London between the Entente and Italy.Battle of Trekkopjes.Battle of Gurin.The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive begins: the German troops under General Mackensen break through the Russian lines in Galicia.Battle of Eski Hissarlik.Troops withdraw from Anzac Cove.Italy revokes its commitment to a defensive alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary.The British liner Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat.Battle of Aubers Ridge, a phase of the Second Battle of Artois.Troops from Hungary rout the Russians at Jarosław. Lviv is again in Austrian hands.Armistice called at Gallipoli to bury the dead.Windhoek, capital of German South-West Africa, is occupied by South African troops.Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary.Third Battle of Krithia. Yet another Allied failure.The Russians leave Przemyśl.Mackensen breaks again through the Russian lines in the Lviv area.The Austro-Hungarians re-enter Lviv.Battle of NgaundereFirst aerial victory by a synchronized gun-armed fighter aircraftBattle of Otavi.The German forces in South-West Africa surrender.Italians capture Cappuccio Wood.First Victoria Cross awarded to a British combat pilotThe Germans occupy Warsaw.Battle of the Nek, a phase of the August Offensive.Scimitar Hill, a phase of the August Offensive.Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare.Nicholas II removes Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, personally taking that position.The Germans occupy Vilnius. The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive ends.Battle of Es Sinn.Edith Cavell executed.Bulgaria declares war on SerbiaThe United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria.Montenegro declares war on BulgariaFrance declares war on Bulgaria.Italy and Russia declare war on Bulgaria.Andrew Fisher resigns as Prime Minister of Australia; he is replaced by Billy Hughes.René Viviani resigns as Prime Minister of France; he is replaced by Aristide Briand.Pro-Central Powers Iranians seize Shiraz from pro-Entente forces and arrest all British citizens in the city.Armed by Ottomans and Germans, the Libyan Senussi cross the border and attack Egypt from the west.The Serbian army collapses. It will retreat to the Adriatic Sea and be evacuated by the Italian and French Navies.The First Siege of Kut, Mesopotamia, by the Ottomans begins.Russians occupy Hamadan.Douglas Haig replaces John French as commander of the British Expeditionary Force.Carl Zimmermann orders the retreat of all German forces and civilians in Kamerun to the Spanish colony of Río Muni.Germany makes final reparations payments.Treaty of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia. Fiume is annexed by Italy and the neighboring town of Sušak is assigned to Yugoslavia.Treaty of Lausanne between the Allies and Turkey, successor State to the Ottoman Empire. It supersedes the Treaty of Sèvres.The Russian Civil War ends.Treaty of Kars ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and Bolshevik Russia to normalise diplomatic relations.Washington Naval Treaty, limiting naval tonnage, signed by France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.Treaty of Kars between Bolshevik Russia and Turkey.The League of Nations holds its first general assembly.Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia. Zadar is annexed by Italy and the Free State of Fiume is established.League of Nations headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland.Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims in Fiume the Italian Regency of Carnaro.Treaty of Sèvres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty is not recognized by the Turkish national movement, which considers the Istanbul government illegitimate.Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary.A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark.Armistice between the Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion.
The Czechoslovaks surrender the Russian gold reserves and Kolchak in return for free passage to Vladivostok.
Kolchak and his Prime Minister, Viktor Pepelyayev are executed.Irkutsk surrenders to the Bolsheviks.Free City of Danzig established.First meeting of the League of Nations held in London. Official end of World War I.A coup in Irkutsk deposes Kolchak.The Bolsheviks take Omsk. Kolchak's retreat east is impeded by the Czechoslovaks denying him use of the Trans-Siberian.The United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles signed.German High Seas Fleet (53 ships) scuttled in Scapa Flow with nine deaths, the last casualties of the war.The Czechoslovak Legion assumes complete control of the Trans-Siberian Railway.Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted.Fakhri Pasha surrenders at Medina.Hermann Detzner surrenders at the Finschhafen District of New Guinea.The Gallipoli Campaign ends in an Allied defeat and an Ottoman victory.Corfu occupied by the Allies.Battle of Wadi, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.Battle of Hanna, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.Reinhard Scheer is appointed commander of Germany's Hochseeflotte.Conscription introduced in the United Kingdom by the Military Service Act 1916.Battle of Salaita Hill.The Battle of Verdun beginsBattle of Agagia: Senussi rebellion suppressed by the British.German Kamerun (Cameroon) surrenders.Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare.Battle of Dujaila: a British attempt to relieve Kut failed.Germany declares war on Portugal. Portugal officially enters the war.The Manifesto of the Sixteen, declaring Kropotkinist-anarchist support of the Allied war effort, is published.Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal.Battle of Kahe.The British forces under siege at Kut surrender to the Ottomans, first siege of Kut ends.Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare.Signing of the Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain and France defining their proposed spheres in the Middle East.Russian forces in Persia link up with the British in Mesopotamia, but it is too late.Russians fail to encircle Ottoman forces in Persia.The Arab Revolt in Hejaz begins.The Brusilov Offensive begins.HMS Hampshire is sunk off the Orkney Islands; Lord Kitchener dies.Italy: Paolo Boselli succeeds Antonio Salandra as Prime Minister.The Siege of Medina begins.Percy Sykes marches on Kerman to link up with the Russian forces in central-northern Persia.Battle of Taif.Battle of the Boar's Head, diversion from the Battle of the Somme which began the next day.The Battle of the Somme begins.Ottoman counter-attack into Persia reaches Kermanshah.German agents sabotage munition factories in Jersey City that supply the Allies, causing the Black Tom explosion.The Italians capture GoriziaBattle of Doberdo, part of the Sixth Battle of Isonzo.Ottomans take Hamadan.Battle of Mlali.Romania enters the war on the Entente's side. Her army is defeated in a few weeks.Italy declares war on GermanyPaul von Hindenburg replaces Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff.The Ottoman Empire declares war on Romania.Bulgaria declares war on Romania.The Central Powers create a unified command.Battle of Ginchy (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme)The Brusilov Offensive ends with a substantial Russian success.The French recapture Fort Douaumont near Verdun.Battle of Matamondo.The Battle of the Somme ends with enormous casualties and an Anglo-French advantage.HMHS Britannic sinks after hitting a German mine.Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies and is succeeded by Charles I.David Beatty replaces John Jellicoe as commander of the Grand Fleet. Jellicoe becomes First Lord of the Sea.Prunaru Charge, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest, Romanian cavalry desperately charge into enemy lines.Battle of the Arges, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest.The Germans occupy Bucharest. The capital of Romania moved to Iaşi.Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army.Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. (copy)Battle of Verdun ends with enormous casualties on both sides.Kaocen Revolt: The Tuareg besiege the French garrison at Agadez.Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai peninsula.Togoland is divided into British and French administrative zones.Grigori Rasputin, Russia's éminence grise, is assassinated.Battle of Rafa. The British drive the Ottomans out of Sinai.The German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends a telegram to his ambassador in Mexico,
instructing him to propose to the Mexican government an alliance against the United States.Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare.Mata Hari is arrested in Paris on charges of spying for the Germans.Second Battle of Kut. The British recapture the city.Arz von Straussenberg replaces Conrad von Hötzendorf as Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff.The French relieve Agadez.The celebrations of the International Women's Day in Petrograd spawn severe protests that will evolve into the February Revolution.Russian troops refuse to fire on demonstrators after 50 are killed in Petrograd's Znamenskaya Square the day before. Numerous attacks against prisons, courts, police stations and Okhrana offices.Provisional Committee of the Duma formed.Petrograd Soviet formed.Battle of Nambanje.China severs relations with Germany.Nicholas II abdicates. A provisional government is formed.Lenin arrives in Petrograd from his exile in Switzerland and publishes his April Thesis.Aristide Briand resigns as Prime Minister of France; replaced by Alexandre Ribot.First Battle of Gaza. The British attempt to capture the city fails.The United States declares war on Germany.Cuba declares war on Germany.Panama declares war on Germany.Scuttling of SMS Cormoran in Guam, the only hostile action between American and German forces in the Pacific.Brazil severs relations with Germany.Bolivia severs relations with Germany.Battle of Lagnicourt, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras.Second Battle of Gaza. The Ottoman lines resist a British attack.The Ottoman Empire severs relations with the United States.Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes wins an enlarged majority in federal elections with the pro-conscription Nationalist Party.Battle of Lagnicourt, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. (copy)Philippe Pétain replaces Robert Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army.Battle of Mount Hermada in the Karst.Salonika Trial ends: Dragutin Dimitrijevic, chief conspirator of the Sarajevo Assassination, is sentenced to death by Serbia on trumped up charges, as part of negotiations for a peace treaty with Austria-Hungary.Constantine I of Greece abdicates.First successful heavy bomber raid on London done by the Gotha G.IV.First American troops land in France.Batterie Pommern aka. 'Lange Max', world's largest gun fires for the first time from Koekelare to Dunkirk (±50 km).Greece declares war on the Central powers.Arab rebels led by Lawrence of Arabia seize the Jordanian port of Aqaba.The Open Letter to Albert I is published by Flemish Movement sympathisers within the Belgian Army on the Yser Front, complaining about official discrimination against Dutch languageCorfu Declaration about the future Kingdom of Yugoslavia.Alexander Kerensky replaces Georgy Lvov as Minister-President of the Russian Provisional Government.Siam declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.Battle of Kiawe Bridge.The Third Battle of Ypres (also known as Battle of Passchendaele) begins.The German raider SMS Seeadler is wrecked at Mopelia in French Polynesia.Liberia declares war on Germany.China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.China terminates the German and Austro-Hungarian concessions in Tianjin and occupies them.The SMS Seeadler's crew sail to Fiji in a lifeboat and capture the French schooner Lutece, allowing their escape. They rename it Fortuna.Alexandre Ribot resigns as Prime Minister of France; he is replaced by Paul Painlevé.Russia declared a republic.Costa Rica severs relations with Germany.Battle of Broodseinde (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).The Fortuna wrecks at Easter Island and its crew is interned by the Chileans.Peru severs relations with Germany.Uruguay severs relations with Germany.Battle of Poelcappelle (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).First Battle of Passchendaele (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).Mata Hari executed.Battle of Wadi Musa.Brazil declares war on Germany.Battle of Buqqar Ridge.Italy: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando succeeds Paolo Boselli as Prime Minister.Battle of Beersheba (opening phase of the Third Battle of Gaza).Balfour Declaration: the British government supports plans for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine.The Allies agree to establish a Supreme War Council at Versailles.October Revolution: Kerensky flees Petrograd just before the Petrograd Soviet seizes the Winter Palace.Charge at Sheria.Armando Diaz replaces Luigi Cadorna as Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army.Charge at Huj.The Third Battle of Ypres (also known as Battle of Passchendaele) ends.France: Paul Painlevé is replaced by Georges Clemenceau as Prime Minister.Battle of Mughar Ridge.Battle of Ayun Kara.Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea.Battle of Ngomano, the Germans invade Portuguese East Africa to gain supplies.Battle of El Burj, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.Halifax ExplosionThe United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.Ecuador severs relations with Germany.Panama declares war on Austria-Hungary.Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, to take effect on December 17.Armistice of Erzincan between the Ottomans and the Russian Special Transcaucasian Committee.Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden wins an enlarged majority in federal elections with the pro-conscription Unionist Party.Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points.The Central Powers sign an exclusive protectorate treaty with the Ukrainian People's Republic as part of the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk.British begin their assault on Jericho.The British capture Jericho.Germans capture Minsk.Germans capture Zhytomyr.German troops capture Tallinn.Germans capture Pskov and Narva.Germans capture Kiev.At Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky signs the peace treaty with Germany.First known case of what will later be called Spanish flu: Private Albert Gitchell at Camp Funston, Fort Riley, Kansas.Over 100 sick from Spanish flu in Fort Riley; first known case outside in Queens, New York.German artillery bombard the Americans at Rouge Bouquet.First Battle of Noyon, a phase of Operation Michael.French Marshal Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of all Allied forces.Battle of Scherpenberg, final phase of Operation Georgette.Treaty of Bucharest between Romania and the Central Powers. It will never be ratified.Nicaragua declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.Clash at Chelyabinsk station between Hungarian POWs heading west to be repatriated and Czechoslovaks going east. Trotsky orders the arrest of the Czechoslovak Legion, but they revolt and seize several towns along the Trans-Siberian Railway.Ottomans invade Armenia.Costa Rica declares war on Germany.Battle of Cantigny.Action of Arsuf.Ottomans re-enter Tabriz.The Czechoslovak Legion forms the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly in Samara. Stanislav Čeček calls to join forces with anti-Bolshevik Russians to overthrow the Communist government and reignite the Eastern Front.Provisional Siberian Government formed in Omsk.Battle of Hamel.Haiti declares war on Germany.Battle of Abu Tellul.Nicholas II and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks, out of fear that they might be released by Czechoslovak and White troops.Battle of Chateau-Thierry, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne.Battle of Tardenois, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne.Honduras declares war on Germany.The Czechoslovak People's Army of Komuch takes Kazan from the Bolsheviks and captures the Imperial Russian gold reserve.Battle of Savy-Dallon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Havrincourt, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Vauxaillon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Epehy, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.The Allies (French and Serbs) break through the Bulgarian lines at Dobro Polje, a phase of the Vardar Offensive.The British capture Jisr ed Damieh in the Battle of Sharon.The British capture Tiberias during the Battle of Sharon.Battle of Tulkarm, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.Battle of Arara, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.Capture of Jenin, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.British capture both Afulah and Beisan during the Battle of Sharon.Battle of Haifa, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.Battle of Samakh, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.Second Battle of Amman, a phase of the Third Transjordan Attack.Battle of Somme-Py (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive).Charge at Irbid, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.Bulgaria signs an armistice with the Allies.Battle of Saint-Thierry (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive).Charge at Kaukab, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.Charge at Kiswe, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates and Boris III accedes to the throne.Battle of Mont-D'Origny, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Germany suspends submarine warfare.Battle of Lys and Escaut (Which included the Second Battle of Lys and the Battle of the Escaut), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Serre, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Aleppo.Wilhelm Groener replaces Erich Ludendorff as Hindenburg's deputy.State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs proclaimed.Germany's Hochseeflotte mutinies.Battle of Chesne (Closing phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive).Austria-Hungary signs the armistice with Italy, effective November 4.Battle of the Sambre, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of the Sambre, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Second Battle of Guise, a phase of the Battle of Sambre.Battle of Thierache, a phase of the Battle of Sambre.Germany: Kaiser William II abdicates; republic proclaimed.Austria-Hungary: Kaiser Charles I abdicates.Romania renews the war against the Central Powers.Poland proclaimed.Austria proclaimed a republic.Czechoslovakia proclaimed a republic.German U-boats interned.Lettow-Vorbeck Cease-fire.Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom.The Germans evacuate Luxembourg.German Army Surrender in East AfricaThe Germans evacuate Belgium.Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes proclaimed.Penza Agreement: The Czechoslovak Legion is given free passage to Vladivostok to join the Entente in return for surrendering most weapons to the Bolsheviks.Third Battle of Arras (also known as First Battle of Arras (1918), a phase of Operation Michael.Battle of Moreuil Wood.Royal Air Force founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.Ottokar Czernin resigns as Austria-Hungary's Foreign Minister over the Sixtus Affair.Battle of Bethune, a phase of Operation Georgette.The Red Baron is shot down over Vaux-sur-Somme.Guatemala declares war on Germany.Gavrilo Princip dies in Terezín prison, from tuberculosis.Periods
Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy "the iron gate to Paris" near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion.The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium.Battle of the Frontiers. The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army.Battle of Mulhouse, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.Battle of Lorraine, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer.Battle of the Ardennes, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.Battle of Tannenberg: the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans.Battle of Lemberg. The Russians capture Lviv.Battle of Kraśnik, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army.The Germans besiege and capture the Maubeuge Fortress.The Allied Great Retreat to the River Marne.Battle of Le Cateau. Allied retreat.Battle of Gnila Lipa, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.Battle of Komarow, part of the Battle of Lemberg.Siege of Mora.Battle of Tsingtao: British and Japanese forces capture the German-controlled port of Tsingtao in China.Battle of Saint Quentin, also known as Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat.First Battle of Garua.Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rava Russka, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.First Battle of the Marne. The German advance on Paris is halted, marking the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.Battle of the Ourcq, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.Battle of the Two Morins.Battle of the Marshes of Saint-Gond, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.Battle of Vitry, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.Battle of Revigny, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.Battle of Drina.First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties.The First Battle of the Aisne ends in a substantial draw. The Race to the Sea begins.Siege of Toma. Most German forces in New Guinea surrender to the Australians then or over the following year.Battle of FlireyFirst Battle of Picardy.First Battle of AlbertThe Germans besiege and capture Antwerp, Belgium.Japan occupies the Marshall Islands.Battle of the Vistula River, also known as Battle of Warsaw.Battle of Rufiji Delta, German cruiser Königsberg destroyed.First Battle of Arras.Central powers control Belgrade.Battle of La Bassee.First Battle of Messines.Battle of Armentieres.Battle of the Yser. French and Belgian forces secure the coastline of Belgium.The First Battle of Ypres ends the Race to the Sea. The Germans are prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk.Clashes between German and Portuguese forces in the Angola-Namibia border, without declaration of war.Bergmann Offensive, first military engagement in the Caucasus of the First World War.Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga, German East Africa.Battle of Basra.Battle of Łódź (also known as Silesian Offensive).Battle of Kolubara, Austro-Hungarians leave Serbia.Battle of Limanowa.Battle of Qurna.Battle of Givenchy.First Battle of Artois.The Russians win the Battle of Sarikamish, Caucasia.Battle of Ardahan.First Battle of Champagne.In some sectors of the Western Front, an unofficial Christmas truce is observed between German and British forces.Ottomans occupy Urmia and Tabriz by surprise.Battle of Jassin.Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf, series of battles fought to control the peak.Chilembwe uprising led by John Chilembwe in Nyasaland.The Ottomans fail to capture the Suez Canal.Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The Russian X Army is defeated.Battle of Neuve Chapelle. After an initial success, a British offensive is halted.First Battle of Woevre.Battle of Shaiba.The Ottomans besiege the Armenian city of Van.The Second Battle of Ypres, which ends in a stalemate. Germany first uses poison gas.Battle of Gravenstafel, First stage of the Second Battle of Ypres.Battle of St Julien, part of the Second Battle of Ypres.Second Battle of Krithia. The Allied attempts at advancing are thwarted again.Second Battle of Artois.Battle of Festubert.Battle of Konary.Battle of Bellewaarde, final phase of the Second Battle of Ypres.Second Battle of Garua.The Russian Great Retreat from Poland and Galicia.Battle of Bukoba.First Battle of the Isonzo.The British win the Battle of Gully Ravine.Battle of Manzikert.Second Battle of the Isonzo.Battle of Kara Killisse.Battle of Lone Pine, part of the August Offensive.Battle of Krithia Vineyard, part of the August Offensive.Allies land at Suvla Bay, a phase of the August Offensive.Battle of Sari Bair, part of the August Offensive. Last and unsuccessful attempt by the British to seize the Gallipoli peninsula.Battle of Chunuk Bair, a phase of the August Offensive.Battle of Hill 60, part of the August Offensive.Sventiany Offensive, a phase of the Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive.The Zimmerwald Conference of anti-militarist European socialist parties is held in Zimmerwald, Switzerland.Third Battle of Artois.Battle of Loos, a major British offensive, fails.Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, a phase of the Battle of Loos.Second Battle of Champagne.Serbia is invaded by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria.Morava Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers Invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.Ovche Pole Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.Battle of Krivolak, first of the Salonika Front.Third Battle of the Isonzo.Battle of Banjo.Fourth Battle of the IsonzoKosovo Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Serbians pushed into Albania.Russian forces from the Caucasus occupy Tehran.Battle of Ctesiphon, in present-day Iraq.Battle of Lake Tanganyika.Battle of KosturinoGenoa Conference. Representatives of 34 countries discuss economics in the wake of the Great War.Conference of Sanremo, Italy, about League of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East.A Banquet in Honour of The President of the French Republic is hosted by King George V and held at Buckingham Palace during the evening hours of November 10.
The very first Armistice Day is held on the Grounds of Buckingham Palace on the Morning of November 11.
This will set the trend for the later Remembrance Day.Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany.
The Peace Conference opens in Paris.Austro-Hungarian offensive against Montenegro, which capitulates.Battle of MojkovacBattle of Sheikh Sa'ad, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.Battle of Erzurum.Trebizond Campaign.Fifth Battle of the Isonzo.Battle of Bitlis.Battle of Latema Nek.British preemptively occupy the Sultanate of Darfur and annex it to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.Lake Naroch Offensive.Easter Rising by Irish rebels for independence from the United Kingdom.The Kienthal Conference, the second meeting of the anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Movement, is held in Kienthal, Switzerland.Gas attacks at Hulluch.Battle of Kondoa Irangi.Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition in Trentino.Battle of Jutland between Britain's Grand Fleet and Germany's Hochseeflotte.Battle of Mont Sorrel.Battle of Mecca, Arabs capture the city.The Social Democratic Party wins a majority in the parliament of the Russian-ruled Grand Duchy of Finland.Second Battle of Albert (Opening phase of the Battle of the Somme).British capture Fricourt during the Second Battle of Albert.British capture La Boisselle during the Second Battle of Albert.British capture Mametz Wood during the Second Battle of Albert.British capture Ovillers during the Second Battle of Albert and Battle of Bazentin Ridge.British capture Contalmaison during the Second Battle of Albert.British capture Trônes Wood during the Second Battle of Albert.Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)Battles for Longueval and Delville Wood (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)Battle of Fromelles (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme).Battle of Pozières (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)Battle of Erzincan.Battle of Kostiuchnowka.Battle of Kowel.Battle of Transylvania, a phase of the conquest of Romania.Battle of Turtucaia, a phase of the conquest of Romania.Battle of Guillemont (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme)Battle of Dobrich, a phase of the conquest of Romania.Battle of Kisaki.Battle of Tabora.Battle of Dutumi.Monastir Offensive, set up of the Salonika Front.Battle of Malka Nidzhe, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.Battle of Kaymakchalan, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.Seventh Battle of the IsonzoBattle of Flers-Courcelette; the British use armored tanks for the first time in history.First Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania.Battle of Morval (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme)Battle of Thiepval Ridge (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme)Flamanda Offensive, a phase of the conquest of Romania.First Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.Battle of Le Transloy (last stage of the Battle of the Somme)Battle of Ancre Heights (last stage of the Battle of the Somme).Eighth Battle of the Isonzo.Battle of Kibata.Second Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania.Ninth Battle of the Isonzo.Battle of the Ancre (closing phase of the Battle of the Somme)Battle of Bucharest, a phase of the conquest of Romania.Allies capture Yanbu.In a four-day crisis December 3–6, 1916, H. H. Asquith is unaware how fast he is losing support.
David Lloyd George now has growing Unionist support, the backing of Labour and (thanks to Christopher Addison) a majority of Liberal MPs.
Asquith falls.The new Prime Minister Lloyd George answers the loud demands for a much more decisive government.
He energetically sets up a new small war cabinet, a cabinet secretariat under Maurice Hankey,
a secretariat of private advisors in the 'Garden Suburb' and moved towards prime ministerial control.Battle of Romani. Ottoman attack on the British in the Sinai peninsula fails.Sixth Battle of the Isonzo.First battle of Doiran.Conquest of Romania by Central Powers.The Battle of St. Quentin, first phase of Operation Michael and of the Spring Offensive.First Transjordan attack on Amman.Artillery bombardment of Paris.First Battle of Bapaume, a phase of Operation Michael.Battle of Rosieres, a phase of Operation Michael.Christmas Battles.Battle of Behobeho.British raid the Ancre.The Germans withdraw to the Hindenburg Line.The British capture Baghdad.Samarrah Offensive, British capture much of Mesopotamia.Stalemate in Southern Palestine.Australians attack Noreuil.Second Battle of Arras. The British attack a heavily fortified German line without obtaining any strategic breakthrough.The Canadians obtain a significant victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras.First Battle of the Scarpe, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras.First Battle of Bullecourt,part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras.The Second Battle of the Aisne (also known as Nivelle Offensive) ends in disaster for both the French army and its commander Robert Nivelle.Battle of the Hills (also known as Third battle of Champagne), a diversion to the Second Battle of the Aisne.Second Battle of Doiran.Second Battle of Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras.Battle of Arleux, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras.Series of mutinies in the French army.Third battle of the Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras.Second Battle of Bullecourt, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras.Mass demonstrations in Petrograd and Moscow to protestPavel Milyukov's note affirming Russia's commitment to the Entente war effort.Allied Spring offensive on the Salonika Front.Second Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Allied Spring Offensive.Tenth Battle of the Isonzo.Operation Hush, Abortive British plan to capture coast of Belgium.Second Battle of Messines, the British blow 19 deep mines and recapture Messines Ridge.Battle of Mount Ortigara.Battle of Zborov, a phase of the Kerensky Offensive.Brief monarchist coup and restoration in China, allegedly promoted by Germany to distance China from the Entente.The Kerensky Offensive fails. It is the last Russian initiative in the war.Petrograd July Days.Battle of MărăștiBattle of Pilckem Ridge (Opening phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).Battle of Rumbo.Battle of Mărăşeşti.Second Battle of Oituz.Battle of Hill 70 (Continuation of British operations near Lens).Second Battle of Langemarck (Initial phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo.Second Offensive Battle of Verdun.Operation Albion. German capture of Oesel, Dago and Moon Islands.Battle of Jugla.The Third Zimmerwald Conference of the anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Movement, is held in Stockholm.Russia: General Kornilov's coup attempt fails.Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).Battle of Polygon Wood (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).Battle of Ramadi, Mesopotamia.Battle of Mahiwa.Battle of La Malmaison, much-postponed French attack on the Chemin des Dames.Battle of Caporetto. The Austro-Hungarians and Germans break through the Italian lines. The Italian army is defeated and falls back on the Piave River.Second Battle of Passchendaele (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).Third Battle of Gaza. The British break through the Ottoman lines.Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe.First Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarians and Germans try unsuccessfully to cross the river.First Battle of Monte Grappa, Austro-Hungarian offensive halted.Battle of Jerusalem.Battle of Nebi Samwil.First Battle of Cambrai.Battle of Jaffa, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.Allied forces occupy the Jordan Rift Valley.Battle of Rarancza.Operation Faustschlag, last offensive on Eastern Front.Battle of Tell 'Asur.Battle of Bakhmach.First phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Michael (also known as Second Battle of the Somme). The Germans obtain a Pyrrhic victory.Action of Khan Baghdadi.First Battle of Amman, a phase Of The First Transjordan Attack.First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Michael.Battle of the Avre, final phase of Operation Michael.Second phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Georgette (also known as Battle of the Lys). The results are disappointing for the Germans.Battle of Estaires, first phase of Operation Georgette.Third Battle of Messines, a phase of Operation Georgette.Battle of Hazebrouck, a phase of Operation Georgette.Battle of Bailleul, a phase of Operation Georgette.First Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette.Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Georgette.Second Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette.Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt.Battle of Kaniow.Battle of Sardarabad, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.Battle of Abaran, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.Germany interferes in the Caucasus.Third Battle of the Aisne (also known as Operation Blücher-Yorck, third phase of the Spring Offensive). After initial gains, the German advance is halted.Battle of Skra-di-LegenBattle of Belleau Wood, part of the German Spring Offensive.Fourth phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Gneisenau (also known as Battle of Matz). Despite substantial territorial gains, the Germans do not achieve their strategic goalsSecond Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarian offensive is repelled.Ottomans occupy Dilman, Khoy and Urmia.Second Battle of the Marne and last German offensive on the Western Front, which fails when the Germans are counterattacked by the French.Champagne-Marne Offensive.Battle of Soissons,a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne.Spanish flu virus mutates: Simultaneous deadlier outbreaks in Brest, Freetown and Boston.Hundred Days Offensive, last offensive on Western Front.Battle of Amiens, first phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Montdidier.Battle of San Matteo.Second Battle of Noyon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Second battle of the Somme, (also known as the Third Battle of the Somme), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Third Battle of Albert, opening phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.Second Battle of Bapaume, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.Fourth Battle of Arras, a phase of the Second Battle of the SommeFourth Battle of the Scarpe (also known as Battle of the Scarpe (1918), a phase of the Fourth Battle of Arras.Battle of Baku, last Turkish offensive of the war.Battle of Lioma.Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin.Battle of Peronne, a phase of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin.Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line, final phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.Ufa Conference: Formation of the Provisional All-Russian Government with the support of the Czechoslovak Legion.Battle of Saint-Mihiel, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of the Hindenburg Line, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. The Allies break through the German lines.Vardar Offensive, final offensive on the Balkan Front.Third Battle of Doiran, a phase of the Vardar Offensive, The Bulgarians halt the British and Greek advance.Battle of Megiddo. The British conquer Palestine.Battle of Nablus, a phase of the Battle of Meggido.Third Transjordan attack, a phase of the Battle of Nablus.Battle of Sharon, a phase of the Battle of Megiddo.Battle of Tabsor, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.Battle of Nazareth, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the final phase of the Hundred Days Offensive and of World War I.The British enter Damascus.British capture Deraa during the Capture of Damascus.Battle of the Canal du Nord, a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.Fifth Battle of Ypres (also known as Advance on Flanders), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.Battle of St. Quentin Canal, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Pursuit to Haritan.Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge.Second Battle of Cambrai (also known as Battle of Cambrai (1918), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.Battle of Montfaucon (intermediate phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive).Battle of Courtrai, closing phase of the Hundred Days offensive.Battle of the Selle, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Battle of Sharqat.Battle of Vittorio Veneto. The Austro-Hungarian army is routed. The Italians enter Trent and land at Triest.Second Battle of Monte Grappa, beginning phase of Vittorio Veneto.First Spanish flu cases in Spain, where reports on the disease are published freely due to the lack of wartime censorship.Battle of Valenciennes, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.Advance to the Meuse.Germany signs the Armistice of Compiègne.
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