Timeline of Artificial Pacemakers

William Einthoven wins the Nobel Prize for the creation of electrocardiography

The first artificial pacemaker was invented by Australian anaesthesiologist Dr Mark Lidwell

Dr Albert Hyman, an American cardiologist invents an artificial pacemaker

John Alexander Hopps developed the worlds first external artificial pacemaker in 1951 at the University of Toronto

Arne Larsson receives the first fully implanted pacemaker in a secret emergency operation

The first implanted pacemaker using a lithium-ion battery.

Cardiovascular health company, Cordis, releases pacemakers that are programmable.

The first pacemakers using integrated circuits were created.

The first variable rate pacemaker was developed and implanted.