timeline 1919-1923

leaders of the German army kew they were on the Brik of defeat

failure of Ludendorff offensive- it had made German citizens believe that they were winning

Prince Max Von Baden appointed chancellor, he was supported by the parties of the Reichstag (SPD), advised Kaiser to put more democratic reforms in place in order to gain favour with US wrote to Woodrow Wilson asking for an armistice, wilson's conditions for a truce: Germany must evacuate foreign territory, end all submarine warfare and introduce a fully democratic political system

German people felt betrayed by the government asking for an armistice and naval mutiny began

Republic was proclaimed in Bavaria meaning that Prince Max and the Bavarian monarchy had lost control

SPD called workers in Berlin to strike + Prince Max released a press statement saying that the Kaiser was abdicating= Kaiser forced to abdicate, Prince Max resigned as chancellor, Ebert took over

Armistice signed with allies

Ebert made a deal with workers' and soldiers' councils agreeing to support the Constituent assembly and to pursue change through democratic means Steinnes-Leigon pact- between Ebert's gov and key industrialists, who agreed they would recognise trade unions and to cooperate

Ebert-Groener Pact- Groener promised support of army in order for Ebert to not give into the workers' and soldiers' councils

Weimar Constitution was created

Peace Treaty of Versailles signed; Germany only given 7 days to sign

Schneidemann becomes chancellor, Ebert is President

Schneidemann resigns-gustaf Bauer takes over

Germany presented with treaty

Germany's National debt= 1.44billion marks

Reparations Commission set amount of compensation to be paid at £6.6billion in cash, gold and goods

Reparartions Commissions postponed payments for January and February

Germany asked for postponement for rest of the year

asked for loan of 500million marks ad realised of payments for 3-4years= refused request

France sent 60,000 troops into the Ruhr government told people to go on strike= passive resistance - people still needed to be paid so Konstatin Fehrenbach and Joseph Wirth extended loans and printed more money meaning the value of the mark fell massively

Frace and Belgium increased their troops to 100,000 men- took control of steelworks, factories, mines, railways

price of bread in Germany was £201,000,000,000 due to hyperinflation

elections- (pro-republic) SPD 163 seats DDP 75 Centre Party 91 (left) USPD 22 KDP 0 (right) DVP 19 DNVP 44

elections- (pro-republic) SPD 103 seats DDP 39 Centre Party 64 (had all lost seats because they were pro-republic= were moving away from the Weimar Constituency) (left) USPD 83 KDP 4 (right) DVP 65 DNVP 71 (extreme left and right wing parties were gaining seats due to the political instability)

Sparticits uprising- Karl leibliche and rossa Luxemburg led armed uprising on Berlin

uprising had been crushed by freikorps, rosa and Karl executed

uprising in Berlin and Bavaria- both violently defeated

Waves of strikes in the Ruhr and Halle- supressed

Red Army formed in Berlin due to strikes- 500,000 workers took over Ruhr- eventually suppressed

Uprisings in Saxony, Hamburg, Ruhr- all suppressed

NSDAP held rally to announce its 25 points programme

Kahr and Lossow (leaders of right wing Bavarian government) planned to overthrow Weimar gov by marching on Berlin with 15,000 Bavarian soldiers - invited Hitler to join, they backed out and Hitler decided to continue using Nazi support instead

Hitler stormed the Beer Hall where Lossow and Kahr were holding a meeting, he forced them to sign a document stating their support let Kahr go- he told Ebert and so the army were prepared when Nazis marched on Munich Ludendorff arrested at the scene

Hitler arrested used trial to his advantage- spoke about the flaws of the Weimar government judiciary supported him sentenced to 5 years in prison, only served 9 months

Kapp Putsch- Gustav Nöske demands 2 units of Freikcorps to disband Jalther Von Luttwitz refused to disband 1= plan to march troops on Berlin Wolfgang Kapp supports gov can't stop it through army because "troops don't fire on troops" so the only other response is to make workers gon on strike to show they don't support kapp