timeline 1919-1923
Category: Other
Updated: 5 Nov 2017
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Created bySophie Needham
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Events
leaders of the German army kew they were on the Brik of defeatfailure of Ludendorff offensive- it had made German citizens believe that they were winningPrince Max Von Baden appointed chancellor,
he was supported by the parties of the Reichstag (SPD),
advised Kaiser to put more democratic reforms in place in order
to gain favour with US
wrote to Woodrow Wilson asking for an armistice,
wilson's conditions for a truce: Germany must evacuate foreign
territory, end all submarine warfare and introduce a
fully democratic political systemGerman people felt betrayed by the government asking for an armistice and naval mutiny beganRepublic was proclaimed in Bavaria meaning that Prince Max and the Bavarian monarchy had lost controlSPD called workers in Berlin to strike +
Prince Max released a press statement saying that
the Kaiser was abdicating=
Kaiser forced to abdicate,
Prince Max resigned as chancellor,
Ebert took overArmistice signed with alliesEbert made a deal with workers' and soldiers' councils agreeing to support the Constituent assembly
and to pursue change through democratic means
Steinnes-Leigon pact- between Ebert's gov and key industrialists,
who agreed they would recognise trade unions and to cooperateEbert-Groener Pact-
Groener promised support of army in order for Ebert to not give into the workers' and soldiers' councilsWeimar Constitution was createdPeace Treaty of Versailles signed;
Germany only given 7 days to signSchneidemann becomes chancellor,
Ebert is PresidentSchneidemann resigns-gustaf Bauer takes overGermany presented with treatyGermany's National debt= 1.44billion marksReparations Commission set amount of compensation to be paid at £6.6billion in cash, gold and goodsReparartions Commissions postponed payments for January and FebruaryGermany asked for postponement for rest of the yearasked for loan of 500million marks ad realised of payments for 3-4years=
refused requestFrance sent 60,000 troops into the Ruhr
government told people to go on strike= passive resistance -
people still needed to be paid so Konstatin Fehrenbach and Joseph Wirth
extended loans and printed more money meaning the value
of the mark fell massivelyFrace and Belgium increased their troops to 100,000 men- took control of steelworks, factories, mines, railwaysprice of bread in Germany was £201,000,000,000 due to hyperinflationelections-
(pro-republic)
SPD 163 seats
DDP 75
Centre Party 91
(left)
USPD 22
KDP 0
(right)
DVP 19
DNVP 44elections-
(pro-republic)
SPD 103 seats
DDP 39
Centre Party 64
(had all lost seats because they were pro-republic=
were moving away from the Weimar Constituency)
(left)
USPD 83
KDP 4
(right)
DVP 65
DNVP 71
(extreme left and right wing parties were gaining
seats due to the political instability)Sparticits uprising- Karl leibliche and rossa Luxemburg led armed uprising on Berlinuprising had been crushed by freikorps,
rosa and Karl executeduprising in Berlin and Bavaria- both violently defeatedWaves of strikes in the Ruhr and Halle- supressedRed Army formed in Berlin due to strikes-
500,000 workers took over Ruhr- eventually suppressedUprisings in Saxony, Hamburg, Ruhr- all suppressedNSDAP held rally to announce its 25 points programmeKahr and Lossow (leaders of right wing Bavarian government)
planned to overthrow Weimar gov by marching
on Berlin with 15,000 Bavarian soldiers -
invited Hitler to join,
they backed out and Hitler decided to continue
using Nazi support insteadHitler stormed the Beer Hall where Lossow and
Kahr were holding a meeting, he forced them to
sign a document stating their support
let Kahr go- he told Ebert and so the army were
prepared when Nazis marched on Munich
Ludendorff arrested at the sceneHitler arrested
used trial to his advantage- spoke about the flaws of the Weimar government
judiciary supported him
sentenced to 5 years in prison, only served 9 monthsKapp Putsch-
Gustav Nöske demands 2 units of Freikcorps to
disband
Jalther Von Luttwitz refused to disband 1= plan to march
troops on Berlin
Wolfgang Kapp supports
gov can't stop it through army because "troops don't fire
on troops" so the only other response is to make workers
gon on strike to show they don't support kapp
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