Redlining and Vulnerability Timeline
Category: Other
Updated: 7 Dec 2018
Contributors
Created byCaralyn Dawson
Attachments
Events
Beginning of redlining maps created by private companiesHOLC drew “residential security maps” for 239 citiesMiami-city planners explore removing minority section of cityUS Housing Act established FHAFirst denials of FHA insurance to areas with “inharmonious race groups”40% of neighborhoods in Chicago and Los Angeles carry “Racially restrictive covenants”Concrete wall built between black and white development in DetroitNational Housing Agency is establishedHousing and Home Finance Agency is establishedSupreme Court ruling that state courts could not enforce racially restrictive covenantsHurricane floods city along drainage canalsUS Supreme Court disallowed racist restrictions, ruled cities could not legally enforce racially restrictive covenantsUS Senate rejects amendment which would propose segregation in public housingNational Committee Against Discrimination in Housing is establishedDesegregation of public schools increases white flight to neighboring segregated countiesExpansion of eminent domain uses allows for clearing of homes and businesses for developmentJohn F Kennedy signed Equal Opportunity in Housing executive orderCivil Rights Act is establishedHurricane Betsy floods cityWhite flight- 60% of whites live in suburbs by this pointRacist provisions in deeds were made illegalSupreme Court holds that Congress can monitor sales of private property to ensure no discriminationIllinois State Legislature passes disallows redlining in ChicagoHome Mortgage Disclosure Act requires transparency and review of lending practices from banks engaged in redliningPublic Reinvestment Board established by Ordinance 105987 in Central Seattle to help reverse discriminatory practices in lending”Redlining and Disinvestment in Central Seattle” released by Central Seattle Community Council Federation-study of loan practices in Central Seattle revealed eight major banking institutions did not make more than two loans each in the Central Seattle area from 1970-1974Community Reinvestment Act- Federal law decided that deposit-gathering institutions have a responsibility to solicit customers in all areas of a cityHurricane Georges causes first ever evacuation of New OrleansHurricane Ivan causes second evacuationHurricane Katrina floods city, widespread levee failures and canal flooding-1500 deathsInvestigation into Wells Fargo’s lending policies reveals racially-biased lending policiesNew Orleans FoundedFirst recorded hurricane to hit New Orleans, nearly wiped out entire settlement“Great Louisiana Hurricane” flooded areas along Lake Pontchartrain; populated areas protected by natural levees“Great Barbados Hurricane” Levees along Mississippi River broke and flooded French QuarterThree hurricanes struck in the same year destroy lakefront propertiesThree hurricanes cause storm surge-pumps to move water to higher areas suggestedVirginia-African American political wards are gerrymandered in order to suppress votesIntroduction of streetcars begins white flight to the suburbs as streetcars expand the developable area of the city90% of African American population lives in the South, the majority in rural areasGiant screw pumps used to lift water from low-lying areas into higher level canalsHurricane floods city through drainage canals“Exclusionary zoning laws” ruled unconstitutional, “Racially restrictive covenants” took their placeCity of Euclid passes restrictive zoning lawsSupreme Court rules in favor of Euclid’s restrictive zoning lawsVirginia- “Racial integrity law”-disallowed movements of individuals into an area where they were not legally allowed to marry a member of the majority populationEmergency Relief and Construction Act, creating Reconstruction Finance CorporationHome Owner’s Loan Corporation createdPeriods
Barrier islands formedDeposition of sediment forms distributary channelsRepeated hurricanes caused damage to New OrleansDrainage canals designed and built to control flooding caused by heavy rains”The Great Migration”-African Americans enter cities to fill labor shortages caused by World War IMiami-city uses eminent domain to remove minority housing to construct segregated businesses
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