Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy, 1603–1702

1598 James wrote The Trew Law of Free Monarchies

1599 James wrote the Basilikon Doran

1603 James becomes king of England

1603 Millenary Petition - signed by 1,000 ministers to get religious reform

1604 Treaty of London End of the war with Spain Grants English merchants rights to Spanish markets

1604 Hampton Court Conference discusses religious issues

1605 Gun Powder Plot James receives £400,000 from parliament

1606 Oath of allegiance Catholic's swear oath to the king

1606 Parliament granted James 2 subsides

1610 The Great Contract King gives up purveyances + Wardships for £200,00 but parliament rejected it

1611 King James Bible published

The kings plan to unite England + scotland fails

1614 Cockayne scheme reorganise cloth trade + stop building in London Failed due to the traders refusing + cost a lot of money

1618 George Villers promoted to Duke of Buckingham Given £30,000 worth of gift by king

1618 Book of Sports introduced Encouraged activities on Sundays Puritans disliked it

1618 The Thirty years war began -- James didn't get involved But he sent 2,500 troops to the Palatinate but told them not to fight

1625 Charles is only granted one years tonnage and poundage by parliament

1628 Petition of rights 1)No tax without parliament 2)No imprisonment without cause 3)No Billeting of the troops 4)No martial law

1628 Buckingham assassinated Charles becomes closer to Henrieta Marria

1633 William Laud made arch Bishop of Canterbury

1616 Overbury Scandal Court favourite Robert Carr was charged + imprisoned

1626 York House Conference Buckingham inclined towards Arminianism

1623 Buckingham + Charles go to Madrid try and get a match but fails Unpopular in Parliament + makes Charles want war with Spain

1621 James spends £3,300 on ante supers

1626 Charles forces loans 67 people refuse to pay He only gets £267,000 out of the 1 million he needs for war with Spain

1611 James makes £90,000 selling titles Baronet = 1095 (1622 = 220) 1615 = 27 earls + 1628 = 65

1621 100 monopolies in existence

1624 Parliament limit the number of monopolies there can be

1624 Subsidy act Parliament give £300,000 to be spent on a naval war

1629 king dismisses parliament and begins 11 year of personal rule

1627 5 knights trial Proves the king has the right to force loans

1604 The form of Apology and Satisfaction protested against James' recent handling of political issues

1608 Book of Bounty Survey of all Crown lands To Revise rates

1604 Custom farming began Getting £112,400

1625 Charles becomes king

1625 Charles declares war on Spain

1606 Act of better discovering + repressing popish recusancy fine = £60

1629 Parliament introduce the death penalty for anyone found trying to change the religion

1629 The speaker of the commons was held down in his chair so the three resolutions could be read out about Arminianism + collection tonnage and poundage

1627 Sibthorpe wrote + preached a sermon supporting forced loans and charles wanted them published but abbot said no. Sibthorpe was sent to the tower

1628 Laud made bishop of London

1626 Calvinism was banned

1606 bates case - impositions case Bates refused to pay an import tax on currents but it was found that the king because he was regulating foreign trade

1620 James has £900,000 worth of debt

1625 Soon after James dies charles marries Henertia marria

1626 Buckingham was going to be impeached by parliament But charles dissovled parliament before they could

1627 Charles declares war on France To help the Huguenots Buckingham leaders weren't long enough the two year war left england defeated

1621 Cranfield master of wards saves James £20,000

1625 Buckingham lands in Spain with an army but gets drunk and many die in the evacuation 4000 out of 6000 die

1625 Granted 2 tax subsides from parliament £140,000

1624 Montagu wrote “A New Gag for an Old Goose" a pro-catholic pamphlet then he wrote “Appello Caesarem” Abbot told him to rewrite the book

1626 Charles made Coke + Wentworth sheriffs so they couldnt stand as MPs

1628 Montaque was made the bishop of Chichester

1613 Elizabeth Marries Frederick V of Palatinate

1619 Buckingham becomes Lord High Admiral

1629 Treaty of Susa Ends war with France

1630 Treaty of Madrid ends the war with Spain

1604 Buckinghamshire elections (Godwin Vs Forscute) Parliament + James both want different MPs Compromise neither of them stand = new MP

1604 Shirley's Case Guilty of debt = Imprisoned MP argue breach of right + Imprison the jailer

1606 Act of Union put forward by the King

1621 Parliament Discusses foreign policy in order to scare Spain = criticises Spanish match James dissolves parliament

1625 Parliament Needs 1 million for war - only get £140K Only granted 1 years poundage + tonnage

1626 Laud opens parliament

1628 Parliament offer Charles 5 subsides for the Pettion of Rights

1628 June The King accepts the Pettition of RIghts

1608 The new book of rates Import tax on goods entering the country

1604 Bancroft Cannons Increase recusancy fines prevents puritan oppostion

1611 Archbishop Abbott (Calvinist) appointed over an Arminian candidate

1624 French Match with Henrietta Maria Dowry = 240,000 but Catholics granted toleration

1607 Custom Farmers Earned the crown £120,000

1614 Custom Farmers Rates increased to £140,000

1628 Suffolk £77 collect from 37 people (In 1557 £521 collected from 66)

1633 Laud abolishes feoffees for impropriations

1633 Book of Sports re-issued

1633 St Gregory's Case Communion table rail of at the east end Legally settled that it was bishops choice

1636 The Imposition of Scottish Cannons - the laws Threaten Excommunication

1637 - July Introduction of Laudian Prayer book Riots in St Giles Cathedral

1637 The trial of Pyrnne, Bastwick + Burton Star Chamber - Pillared + tortured

1638 Treason to protest against the New Prayer Book

1635 Archbishop Spottiswood made chancellor of Scotland - Shows Importance of Bishops

1633 Charles gets coronated in Edinburgh - not the traditional place - 8 years too late

1637 Scotland forms the Table - an emergency government

1638 The Scottish National Covenant Feb - suspend the Prayer Book Nov - Ban Prayer Book + Cannons + Abolishes Bishops

16439- March General Lesile sieses Edinburgh castle England invades + 1st Bishops War begins

1633 Strafford - Wentworth becomes Lord Deputy of Ireland - Start to implement thorough government

1639 Black oath for Ulstermen Swear not to join convent against charles

1635 Wentworth had defeated his opposition By dividing and ruling over old + new English

1635 Distraint of Knighthoods Raised £165,000 - largest source of extraordinary income

1641 Court of Wards + Liveries Raised £75,088

1634 Ship Money is re introduced into costal areas

Ship Money is extended in inland areas - 97% of people pay

1639 Ship Money is only paid by 20%

1637 Hampden's Case (MP) Court decides that the king can do it Rules 7 to 5 1638 - 61% didn't pay

1639 The king imprisons Lord Seye + Sale + Lord Brooke For refusing to take a military oath

1637 Charles manages to balance the books - No bugdet deficit

1639 Commission for defective titles Investigate people who didn't pay + fined them

1634 Forest Fines Special inquiry set up

1625 Act of Revocation Charles takes back church property in Scotland

1618 5 Articles of Perth accepted by the general assembly Attempt to move scottish relgion closer to england

1630 Distraint of Knighthoods Fine landowners of £40 or more for not having a title

1634 Monoploys were beging reintroduced

1639 - May King offers to settle grievances if they don't invade But the Scottish move forward

1639 - June English Army collapses after the cavalry retreat

1639- June 19 Pacification of Berwick - King ratifies Scottish Assembly - Both armies were to disband - Both the king + the Scots hated the treaty

1640 King got £360,000 from coropations to fight scotland

1640 - 28 August Battle of Newburn (ford) English Defeat

1640 - August 2nd Bishops War begins

1640 - October 26 Treaty of Ripon ends the 2nd Bishops War - Scotland occupies Northumberland + Durham - King has to pay £850 per day + reimburse the scots

1640 - Nov The Long Parliament meet

1641 - Feb Triennial + Non Dissolution Act

1641 - April Bill of Attainder passed + later given royal assent Result of the failed impeachment of Strafford

1641 - May Strafford is excuted after the king sign the bill

1641 - June 10 Propositions = Attacked Catholics + Maria - passed by Commons - failed in the Lords + rejected by Charles

1641 - Nov Grand Remonstrance - List of all grievances - Passed narrowly + rejected by the lords + king

1640 - Dec Root + Branch Petition Londoner's want to abolish Bishops 15,000 signatures

1642 - Jan The attempt on the 5 members -Kings entres parliament with 300 soldiers -Demanding the arrest of Hampden, Pym, Strode, Halesridge + Holles

1642 - June 19 Propositions - Privy council, Judges + Militia controlled by Parliament - King Rejects it = undermines law + constitution

1642 - March Militia Ordinance - Parliament sends Lord Lieutenants - King sends Commissioner of Array = Parliament 23 + king 11 counties

1641 - May Army Plot - Royalist attempt to free Strafford from the tower + Dissolve parliament = Proves popish plot = lords pass bill of Attainder

1641 - March Charles' evil councillors imprisoned Laud + Strafford

1641 Parliament remove the tools of personal rule - Ship Money, Distraints of knighthood + Forrest laws = illegal -Star-chamber + High Commission abolished

1642 - Oct Bishops are excluded from the House of Lords

1641 - Oct 'The Incident' - Plot uncovered that Charles + Montrose - kill Scottish conventer nobles - Charles gave in = Bishops abolished in Scotland

1642 - Oct The rebellion begins in Ireland - Protestants were massacred - Really 12,000 but claimed 200,000 - English administration attack Catholics in retaliation - Parliament granted money for king to send army

1641 - Dec Militia Bill - Army paid for by taking Irish land - Essex in control of army

1642 - August 22 The king unfurles his standard = war has now begun

1640 - Dec Laud Impeached

1640 - Nov Strafford impeachment begins + fails = Bill of Attainder

1640 - May Protestation Oath - All MP's had to take it - Defend Protestantism, king + Parliament

1642 - July Parliament raise an army of 10,000 under Essex

1643 - Sept King signs the Cession Treaty Ends the war in Ireland = return royal troops to England

1645 - Sept Montrose is defeated by Convenant the battle of Philiphaugh - Allows Scottish to help parliament in England

1642 - Oct 23 Battle of Edgehill = Draw Showed strength of Prince Ruperts Cavalry

1643 - June 30 Battle of Adwalton Moor = Royal - Parliament attacked by royalist near Bradford - Forces spilt had to retreat

1643 - July 13 Battle of Roundaway Down = Royal - Parliament pushes back not pursue - Royalist get back up + surround Parliamentarians - Parliament fled

1643 - Sept 20 1st Battle of Newbury = Draw - Prince Rupert small stalling attack - King takes up a defensive position - Parliament artillery on a hill - Parliament pushed back but royalist losses

1644 - July 2 Battle of Marston Moor = Parliament - parliament outnumber + outmanoeuvred - Cromwell attacks in evening - caught off guard - Defeat Rupert cavalry = optimism win battle

1644 - Oct 27 2nd Battle of Newbury = Parliament - Parliament surrounded the royals + attacked

1645 - June 14 Battle of Naseby = Parliament - Parliament out marches the royalist - New Model Army wins the battle

1643 - Aug Impressment = Conscription Introduced by Parliament + then the king

1642 - Nov Committee for the advance of Money - Raised loans + assessed those who didn't pay

1643 - March Sequestration taxes - took royalist + catholic land for profit

1643 - July Excise Tax - tax on home produced cider + beer

1645 - Aug Committee for Compounding - Returned Sequestred lands for money = 1.8 million in 4 years

1643 - Jan Oxford Treaty - 19 Proposition not as harsh - But very anti-catholic = King rejects it as he thinks he can win

1642 - July Committee for Public Safety

1644 - Feb Committee of Both Kingdoms - Replaces Committee of Safety - Manage Solemn League + created NMA

1643 - Sept The Solemn League + Convenat - The alliance between Parliament + Scotland

1643 - Nov London trained Bands push out the royalist - London militia defend the capital = Turning point

1644 - Jan Irish Troop land in england + get killed in Natwich

1642 - April Scottish Army lands in Ireland

1643 - Aug Parliament legislates for iconoclasm of all Monuments of Superstition or Idolatry

1642 - Nov 16m Battle of Turnham Green = Parliament - Essex hold Charles back from entering London

1643 - Feb Parliament begin weekly tax assessments - impliments a new land tax

1645 - Feb The New Model Ordinance is passed New Model Army is created

1647 - Feb Parliament vote to dismantle the NMA = parliament didn't pay arrears or give indemnity

1647 - April The Army elect Agitators Dominated by the radical Levellers

1646 - June The Newcastle Propostions - Parliament treaty with the king - King delays a response - Presbyterian church + more power for parliament

1646 - Feb Scots hand over the king to parliament

1647 - Aug Heads of Proposal - Army's attempt to negotiate with the king - more lenient than Newcastle (parl.) - King rejected them

1647 - Oct Putney Debates - Army general met with the Levellers - Discuss the Agreement of the People

1647 - Nov The King escape Hampton Court + Flees to the Isle of Wight

1647 - Dec The King signs the Engagement with the Scots = Presbyterian church in England in return for military help against parliament

1648 - March The Scottish parliament vote for the engagement

1648 - Parliament offer to re-open negotiations But the Scots decline - prepare for war

1647 - Aug The Army occupy London + capture the king

1647 - Dec Parliament proposes the Four Bills - The last attempt to negotiate with the king - King rejects them

1648 - Jan Vote of No Adress - last of all grievances against the king - no more negotiations = parliament to rule alone

1648 - Aug Battle of Preston NMA defeats the Engager Army

1648 - July Engager Army invade England

1648 - Aug Vote of no adress repealed - parliament enter negoations with the king

1648 - Sept The Treaty of Stirling Whiggamores occupy Edinburgh

1648 - Nov Treaty of Newport Negotiations - King is stubborn - Parliament extend the deadline - The Army becomes disgruntled

1648 - Nov The Army Remonstrance - put the king on trial - dissolve parliament - reform governance

1648 - Dec Parliament refuses to debate the remonstrance = The army occupies London

1648 - Dec Prides Purge - 180 were prevented from sitting = Rump parliament cleared way for trial

1643 - Aug Solemn League and Covenant sign Alliance between the Scots + Parliament

1646 - Oct Parliament abolishes bishops

1647 - June Solemn Engagement of the Army - Not to disband until grievances were met

1648 - Sept The independent party (war) had collasped

1648 - April Windsor Prayer Meeting - New Model Army call Charles Man of Blood - Debate killing the King

1649 - Jan 30th King Charles is executed = after being guilty of treason

1608-10 Salisbury (Cecil) - Sold of 1/2 million £ worth of land but 1/2 the crown debts

1614-15 Peacham preaches against the monopolies + forced loans He was arrested + tried for rebellion Coke attacked kings power to consult judges

1614 (8 weeks) Addled parliament = no legistation passed (due to impostions arguments)

King Charles Personal Rule 11 years of Tryanny

1640 Short Parliament is summoned Lasted 3 weeks

1st Bishops War

2nd Bishops War

The Second Civil War - 1648 - Feb-Aug Uprisings in Kent, Essex, Wales + Yorkshire The Navy supported Charles II In response to the vote of no address, high taxes+ failure to fix the problems