Events
Handel's Opera "Giulio Cesare" was produced.Columbus reaches the New WorldSpanish conquistador Cortez lands in and conquers MexicoFrench explorer Cartier explores the St. Lawrence RiverEnglish plant colony at Jamestown, VirginiaFrench found QuebecSpanish found Santa Fe - as extension of colonizationFirst African brought to Virginia as laborPilgrims migrate to PlymouthAfricans first come to be regarded as slaves in VirginiaVirginia law makes slavery hereditaryColony of Pennsylvania founded by Quakers, who endorse religious tolerationVirginia outlaws interracial sexual contactPlains Indians adopt the horse as key to a migratory, bison-hunting way of lifeGeorgia founded as experimental colony without slaves, with religious toleranceGeorgia legalizes slaveryFirst Continental Congress foundedDeclaration of IndependenceRise of Greek city-statesHomer, Iliad and OdysseyRome foundedRoman Republic beginsAeschylus, AgamemnonPlato, RepublicGreece becomes province of RomeBabylonian writings about music, seven notes Diatonic scalesReign of King David in IsraelRome conquers JerusalemRomans destroy Temple of JerusalemRomans destroy Jerusalem and expel the JewsEmperor Constantine issues Edict of Milan legalizing ChristianityChristianity becomes official Roman religionSeparation of Eastern and Western Roman EmpiresEnd of Western Roman EmpireThomas Jefferson Became PresidentMusic NotationWindmills and water-powered mills provide mechanical powerConstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris beginsMechanical clocks and magnetic compass introducedArs nova treatise on new rhythmic techniquesLeonardo da Vinci, The Last SupperMichelangelo, DavidLuther posts 95 Theses, leading to Protestant ReformationShakespeare, Romeo and JulietGiovanni Pierluigi Da Palestirna was bornGioseffo Zarlino, Le istitutioni armoniche (the harmonic Foundations)Gabrieli, Symphoniae sacraeShakespear, HamletGeorge Frideric Handel, MessiahChristoph Willibald Gluck, 'Orfeo ed Euridice'La Scala opera house opens in MilanBach, The Well Tempered Clavier, Book 1John Gay, 'The beggar's Opera'Louis XIV invades Holy Roman EmpireDaniel Defoe, "Robinson Crusoe" first novel in EnglishVivaldi, "The Four Seasons"Concert Spirituel concert series begins in ParisJ. S. Bach, St. Mathew PassionJonathan Swift, "Gulliver's Travels"First coffeehouse opens in ViennaBach appointed Kapellmeister in CothenBach becomes court organist for duke of WeimarMozart arrives in Vienna as freelancesBartolomeo Cristofori invents the pianoforteca 1710 Clarinet inventedca 1730 First symphonies composedJoseph Haydn hired by Prince EsterhazyMozart named concertmaster at SalzburgHaydn, The CreationMozart, Don GiovanniBeethoven arrives in ViennaBeethoven, Sonate pathetiqueBonaparte crowns himself Emperor Napoleon IFranz Liszt begins career as virtuoso pianistFirst railway to carry passengersSchubert, Winterreisechopin settles in Paris1840s: Railroads spread across Europe, United StatesFelix Mendelssohn founds Leipzig ConservatoryLiszt appointed court music director at VeimarLondon firm of Broadwood making 2,000 pianos a yearStephen Foster, Jeanie with theLight Brown HairNathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet LetterSchubert, Unfinished SymponyHector Berlioz, Symphonie fantastiqueVictor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre DamePhotography developedFounding of New York Philharmonic and Vienna PhilharmonicFirst intercity telegraph between Baltimore and WashingtonGioachino Rossini, The Barber of SevilleCarl Maria Von Weber, Der FreischutzRossini, Guillaume TellCharles Darwin, The Origin of SpeciesJacques Offenbach, Orpheus in the UnderworldCharles Gounod, FaustGeorges Bizet, CarmenWagner, premiere of complete Ring cycleThomas Edison perfects the electric lightbulbSpanish-American WarPuccini, Madama ButterflyPuccini, La bohemeComplete edition of J. S. Bach's works begunBrahms, Fourth SymphonyVictor Hugo, Les miserablesEmile Berliner invents disc-playing phonographEiffel Tower erectedAntonin Dvorak, New World SymphonySigmund Freud, The Interpretation of DreamsOil fields discovered in Texas, Persia, and RussiaWilbur and Orville Wright fly first airplaneAlbert Einstein's first paper on relativityHenry Ford designs the Model T automobileRussian Revolution brings Bolsheviks to powerNapoleon Marches into AustriaFirst use of the White HouseInvention of the Modern Day BatteryUltraviolet Radiation DiscoveredThe Louisiana PurchaseOhio becomes the 17th state in UnionThe Lewis and Clark ExpeditionNapoleon Bonaparte CoronationUK abolished Slave TradeJames Madison Becomes PresidentBeethoven, Fur Elise"The Tin CanNapoleon Retreats from MoscowPride and PrejudiceNapoleon Abdicates the French ThroneBattle of WaterlooNorway Gains IndependenceArgentina Gains IndependenceMackintosh or MacintoshNapoleon dies on Saint HelenaAluminum DiscoveredThe first photographs"Typographer" or TypewriterIndian Removal ActSewing MachineUnderground RailroadTexas Gains Independence from MexicoFirst postage StampMorse's first electronic telegramThe Rubber BandOregon splits from EnglandThe Safety PinThe New York Times FoundedSteinway PianosFirst United States Income TaxChurch of England separates from RomePeriods
Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay ColonyGreat Awakening spreads a more popular religious through coloniesSeven Years War ousts France from mainland North AmericaAmerican Revolution achieves national independence from EnglandRoman Empire reaches its peakSecond Temple built in JerusalemMusica enchiriadis and Scolica enchiriadisGuido of Arezzo, MicrologusHundred years' War between France and EnglandRenaissance PeriodWilliam ShakespeareThirty Year's WarReign of George III in EnglandFrench RevolutionReign of Louis XVI of FranceAntonio VivaldiJohann Sebastian BachGeorge Frideric HandelDenis Diderot and collaborators publish the "Encyclopedie"Mozart tours as child prodigyWolfgang Amadeus MozartReign of TerrorLudwig Van BeethovenCongress of ViennaWar between US and MexicoFelix MendelssohnFryderyk ChopinFranz LisztRobert SchumannClara SchumannFranz SchubertHector BerliozGold Rush in CaliforniaGioachino RossiniRichard WagnerGiuseppe VerdiPiotr Il'yich TachaikovskyWagner composes, Tristan und IsoldeCivil War in the United StatesJohannes BrahmsWorld War IClaude Debussy
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