Events
Ali is murderedCaliph Mu’awiyah dies. His son Yazid succeeds him as CaliphMuslim armies conquer most of Spain, under the command of Tariq Ibn Ziyyad.The Muslim invaders are defeated by Charles Martel and his knights at the Battle of ToursThe Caliphate of Walid II begins.The newly founded city of Baghdad becomes the Abbasid capital.Death of al-Rashid and accession of al-Amin, sparking a crisis of succession.A Zaydi Shi’i state is founded in Yemen, which continues to exist until 1962Revolts of the Coptic Christian community, in Egypt.Death of al-Jahiz, writer, philosopher, and satirist,
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