Early Modern Era - Timeline

First Voyage Of Christopher Columbus: Columbus and his men land in the West Indies, and soon after, marks the beginning of the Columbian Exchange; the exchange of plants, people, animals, disease between Americas and Europe.

English Bill of Rights Created by Parliament, created a separation of powers. limited power of King and Queen, and enhances the democratic election

First Successful British Colony in America: The first permanent English settlement in North America was Jamestown.The majority of our laws, language, and customs come from the English ancestry.

Vasco Da Gama's voyage to Calicut The Portuguese had been wanting to reach India in search of commerce opportunities. He sailed across Africa's western coast, and around the southern tip, and finally after two years of sailing, he reached the East.

Spanish Takeover of the Philippines: The Spanish wanted the riches and spices that the Portuguese were getting, so they took over the Philippines almost completely peacefully.

Qing Dynasty came to power: The last imperial dynasty of China. It was a multi-cultural empire, that formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state.

Treaty of Nerchinsk; The Chinese wanted to conserve the land they already had,and the expansion of Russia was seen as a threat, this treaty was a way for the Chinese to prevent conflict with other kingdom and states, by clearly definining the bounday.

Russians win Independance from Mongols: Ivan the Great leads the rebellion to overthrow the Mongols, he also reunites the Russian city-states through autocratic rule.

Treaty of Tordesillas: Set up imaginary boundaries for rights of possession in New world between the Spanish and Portuguese.

Peter the Great: He introduced Western culture and technology to Russia. He built St.Petersburg and was successful in battles against the Turks and Swedish.

Portuguese land in "The Kingdom Of Congo: The ruler of Congo converted to Christianity, and marked the beginning of the Portuguese slave trade in the region, and the shifting relationship between these two states.

Martin Luther creates his 95 Theses: Made propositions in protest of Catholic beliefs, his ideas spread through development of printing press. This leads to the reformation and Protestantism.

Moroccan state invades Songhai: Under Ahmad al-Mansur, Moroccan state invades Songhai, and controls the gold trade until 17th century

The Reformation Also referred to as the Protestant Reformation. It was a revolt in Europe abuses and total control of the Roman Catholic Church. Reformers protested the unbiblical practices of the church. Martin Luther's 95 Theses is a major event that started the Reformation

Scientific Revolution: A period of time that describes the emergence of modern science. Advancements in Math, Physics, Astronomy,and Chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

Commercial Revolution: Started in the 13th century, and was succeeded by the Industrial Revolution in early 1700s. This was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and belief profitable trading. The rediscovery of spices and silks led to new desires to find trade routes. Also this period of time showed increase in general commerce.(banking. insurance, investing)

Golden Age of Piracy: An era in which, the occupation of piracy flourished. Pirates during this time halted trade, and received massive fortunes.

30 Year War A series of wars fought by several nations for various reasons, including, religion, territorial and commercial rivalry.

Galileo Galilei's Discoveries He developed a Telescope that enabled him to discover sunspots and mountain on the moon. He made huge advancements in Physics.

Age of Enlightenment: A Philosophical movement, which mostly took place in Europe. Its participantsthought they were showing human intellect and culture after the middle ages.

Start of Triangular Trade: The trade among three large regions. Consisted of Europe giving Africa guns, textiles, and rumand Africa giving America thousands of slaves, and America giving Europe, sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton.