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Timeline of the Development of Psychology
History of Psychology from the ancient period thru the modern times.
Theories of Personality, Abnormal Psychology, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Psychological Testing and Assessment
Created by
Yhummhie Sarabia- Baldonaza
⟶ Updated 20 Oct 2017 ⟶
List of edits
Comments
Events
Early forms of testing Chinese Civil Service Exam started --} initiated during Han Dynasty --} screening of applicant for empirial positions
Early forms of testing Revision of Chinese Civil Service exam --} contents has become more elaborate
Early forms of testing/Theories of Personality Physiognomy Aristotle --} traits can be determined from appearance
Early forms of testing/Theories of Personality Physiognomy Johan Lavatar --} essays on physiognomy --} drawings of physical characteristics
Early form of testing in Europe Phrenology Franz Joseph Gall --} german physician --} different areas of the brain govern traits --} development of areas causes bumps in the skull
Early form of testing in America Phrenology Johann Spurzheim --} student of gall --} popularized phrenology in America, Britain
Early form of testing in America Phrenology Henry C. Lavery --} american inventor --} built the "Psychograph" * automated phrenological measurements * uses a rating scale * created a profile of scores --} measurement somewhat reliable but not valid
Brass Instrument Psychological Test Era --} psychologist/psychiatrist use brass instrument to measure behavior * time measurement (chronoscope, chronograph, kymographs) * time production instruments (pendulums, gravity fall devices, clocwork makers, multiple interval timers) * response devices (Morse telegraphic key, lip keys, voice keys)
Brass Instrument Psychological Test Era in Europe Wilhelm Wundt --} german psychologist --} experiments with thought meter --} Father of Modern Psychology
Brass Instrument Psychological Test Era in Europe Wilhelm Wundt --} founded first psychology laboratory
Brass Instrument Psychological Test Era in Europe Francis Galton --} english polymath --} built Anthropometric Laboratory --} studied hereditary of intelligence --} Founded Eugenics
Brass Instrument Psychological Test Era in America James Catell --} american psychologist --} studied with Wundt and Galton --} supported Eugenics --} Coined the term "mental test"
Brass Instrument Psychological Test Era in America Clark Wissler --} american psychologist turned anthropologist --} studied with cattell --} studied correlation of ability, achievement scores * there was no correlation between scores on Cattell's IQ test and academic achievement
Early rating scales/Theories of Personality Galen --} greek physician --} applied rating scale to humor theory of personality --} Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, Black Bile
Early rating scales/Theories of Personality Christian Thomasius --} german philosopher --} developed a personality measure with four scales
Early Intelligence Testing Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol --} french psychiatrist --} distinguished mental retardation from other mental illnessess * retardation had early onset, life long development * illness had acute onset --} emphasized verbal deficits in retardation * laid groundwork for Binet's approach to testing --} coined "hallucination"
Early Intelligence Testing Alfred Binet --} french psychologist --} studied with J.M. Charcoat and Salpetriere * diagnosis } mental illness * treatment } --} assistant at Sorbonne * developed interest "individual psychology" * published review or research * argued for testing of intelligence --} commissioned by the french government to develop diagnostic test in children
Early Intelligence Testing Henry Goddard --} american psychologist, eugenicist --} the Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness --} translated the Binet intelligence test into english --} introduced the term "moron" --} testing of immigrants at Ellis Island * threat of ethnic "contamination" * less intelligent poor and immigrant
Early Intelligence Testing Theodore Simon --} french psychologist, psychometrician --} developed testing scale with Binet * emphasized verbal abilities * differed from brass instruments tradition * did not include a method of scoring --} Binet-Simon Scale * scale used by french school system > screening for mental retardation * popular among educators * revised (1908, 1911) > added concept of mental age levels
Early Intelligence Testing Lewis Terman --} american psychologist --} translated, revised Binet-Simon scale --} Standford-Binet IQ --} coined term "intelligent quotient" (IQ) test
Early Intelligence Testing William Stern --} german psychologist of jew descent --} introduced the concept of the intelligence quotient by dividing the developmental age by the chronological age
Early Intelligence Testing Leta Hollingworth --} american psychologist --} psychology of women * environmental reasons for gender differences in ability, achievement --} clinical psychology --} educational psychology * studied highly intelligent children
Early Intelligence Testing --} Binet-Simon Scale Measure of mental retardation * revised (1908)
Early Intelligence Testing --} Binet-Simon Scale Measure of mental retardation * revised (1911) inclusion of mental age levels
Early Intelligence Testing --} revision of Standford-Binet Measure of mental ability - intelligence quotient * developed norms of scoring * suitable for children and adults --} ratio model of intelligence * IQ = (mental age)/(chronological age)x100
Early Group Testing Robert Yerkes --} american psychologist --} convinced army to test WWI recruits * Army Alpha > designed for average, high-funtioning recruits * Army Beta > designed for immigrant, illiterate recruits
Structure of Mental Ability Charles Spearman --} english psychometrician --} developed factor analysis * analyze groups of test items * patterns of correlation --} two-factor model of intelligence * S- specific factor * g- general factor
Structure of Mental Ability Louis Leon Thurstone --} american psychometrician --} standardized mean and standard deviation IQ --} developed Thurstone scale --} primary mental abilities * word fluency * verbal meaning * perceptual speed * spatial vizualization * reasoning * memory
Structure of Mental Ability Aptitude Testing in WWII --} need to test for specialized abilities (aptitudes) --} took advantage of factor analysis * specialized aptitude batteries for flight crews
Structure of Mental Ability David Wechsler --} american psychologist --} worked with Spearman --} tested recruits for WWII --} developed Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Test * verbal * non-verbal (performance)
Structure of Mental Ability revision Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) --} deviation model of intelligence * assumes intelligence is normally distributed within age group * mean = 100 SD = 15
Structure of Mental Ability revision Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS- IV) --} currently 4th revision
Structure of Mental Ability revision Stanford-Binet 5 (SB5) --} currently 5th revision
Structure of Personality/Theories of Personality Robert Woodworth --} american psychologist, functionalist --} developed the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet * simple questionnaire for neurotic symptoms * first personality test to assess the emotional stability of a soldier PTSD --} introduced Stimulus-Organism-Response
Structure of Personality/Theories of Personality Robert Gibbon Bernreuter --} american psychologist --} developed Bernreuter Personality Inventory * first multi-scale personality questionnaire * 125 yes or no question > neurotic tendency > self-sufficiency > introversion-extroversion > dominance-submission > sociability > confidence
Structure of Personality/Theories of Personality Raymond Cattell --} american psychologist --} research on intrapersonal psychological structure * basic dimensions of personality and temperament * range of cognitive abilities * dynamic dimension of motivation and emotion --} developed 16-Personality Factor Questionnaire * provide a measure of normal personality --} constructed Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT-III) (3rd revision)
Structure of Personality revision 16 Personality Factor III (16 PF-III) --} currently 3th revision
Structure of Personality Starke Hathaway, J.C. McKinley --} developed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) * designed as adult measure of psychopathology and personality structure
Structure of Mental Ability revision Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-RF (MMPI-2-RF) restructured form --} currently 4th revision
Structure of Personality NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) --} personality inventory that examines a person Big Five personality * openness to experience * conscientiousness * extraversion * agreeableness * neuroticism --} developed by Costa and McCrae --} currently 3th revision
Structure of Personality revision NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-3) --} currently 3rd revision
Structure of Personality Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) --} psychological assessment tool to provide information on personality traits and psychopathology on the basis of DSM --} developed by Theodore Millon --} currently 4th revision
Structure of Personality revision Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV) --} currently 4th revision
